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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 61, Shloka 30

कौसल्याविलापः

Kausalya’s Lament and Ethical Analogies on Kingship

वनं गते धर्मपरे रामे रमयतां वरे।कौसल्या रुदती स्वार्ता भर्तारमिदमब्रवीत्।।2.61.1।।

vanaṃ gate dharmapare rāme ramayatāṃ vare | kausalyā rudatī svārtā bhartāram idam abravīt ||

Als Rama, dem Dharma ergeben und der Beste darin, andere zu erfreuen, in den Wald gegangen war, wandte sich Kausalyā, in bitterer Not schluchzend, an ihren Gemahl.

वनम्to the forest
वनम्:
कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
गतेwhen (he) had gone
गते:
क्रियाविशेषण (Locative absolute/सप्तमी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeVerb
Root√गम् (धातु) → गत (कृदन्त)
Formकृदन्त-भूतकृत् (PPP) ‘गत’; पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; locative absolute with ‘रामे’
धर्मपरेdevoted to dharma
धर्मपरे:
विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘धर्मे परः’
रामेwhen Rama (was)
रामे:
अधिकरण (Adhikarana/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
रमयताम्of those who delight (others)
रमयताम्:
विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Root√रम् (धातु) + णिच् → रमयत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमान कृदन्त; षष्ठी (6th/Genitive) बहुवचन
वरेthe best
वरे:
विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
कौसल्याKausalya
कौसल्या:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकौसल्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
रुदतीweeping
रुदती:
विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Root√रुद् (धातु) → रुदत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमान कृदन्त; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
स्वार्ताin her own anguish
स्वार्ता:
विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वार्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
भर्तारम्her husband
भर्तारम्:
कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
इदम्this
इदम्:
कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
अब्रवीत्spoke
अब्रवीत्:
क्रिया (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√ब्रू (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

Hearing the words uttered in harrowing accents, the king overcome with deep distress became senseless. Recollecting his folly thereafter he fell into a sad state.ইত্যার্ষে শ্রীমদ্রামাযণে বাল্মীকীয আদিকাব্যে অযোধ্যাকাণ্ডে একষষ্টিতমস্সর্গঃ৷৷Thus ends the sixtyfirst sarga in Ayodhyakanda of the holy Ramayana, the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

R
Rāma
K
Kausalyā
D
Daśaratha
F
Forest (vana)

FAQs

By foregrounding Rāma’s dharma-orientation, the narration frames the ensuing lament as an ethical crisis: the righteous have been made to suffer through decisions made in the name of duty.

A repeated narrative marker (as presented in the input) introducing Kausalyā’s speech after Rāma’s departure.

Rāma’s integrity and altruism (dharma + concern for others) are emphasized as defining traits.