Shloka 47

सत्यपाशः

Kaikeyi’s Demand and the Noose of the King’s Promise

Devanagari script

यथा नन्दति तेजस्वी सागरो भास्करोदये।।।।प्रीतः प्रीतेन मनसा तथाऽनन्दघन स्स्वतः।

Transliteration

yathā nandati tejasvī sāgaro bhāskarodaye |

prītaḥ prītena manasā tathā ānandaghanaḥ svataḥ ||

Translation

Wie der mächtige Ozean beim Sonnenaufgang jubelt, so war auch Sumantra—von Natur ein Inbegriff der Freude—im Herzen froh.

Word by Word

• yathā: just as
• yathā: Upamāna-dyotaka (उपमान-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), सम्बन्ध/उपमा-बोधक (comparative particle): ‘just as’

• nandati: rejoices
• nandati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: nand (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (singular)

• tejasvī: mighty/bright
• tejasvī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tejasvin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc), प्रथमा (Nom), एकवचन; विशेषण (adjective) qualifying sāgaraḥ

• sāgaraḥ: ocean
• sāgaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sāgara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom), एकवचन

• bhāskara-udaye: at sunrise
• bhāskara-udaye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāskara (प्रातिपदिक) + udaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (Tatpuruṣa; ‘sun’ + ‘rising’ = sunrise); पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Loc), एकवचन

• prītaḥ: delighted
• prītaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prīta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √prī धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; भावावस्था: ‘pleased/delighted’

• prītena: with pleased
• prītena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prīta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √prī धातु)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (Instr), एकवचन; विशेषण of manasā: ‘with pleased (mind)’

• manasā: by/with (his) mind
• manasā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instr), एकवचन

• tathā: so
• tathā: Prakāra-adhikaraṇa (प्रकाराधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण (adverb): ‘so/in that way’

• ānanda-ghanaḥ: full of delight
• ānanda-ghanaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ānanda (प्रातिपदिक) + ghana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (Karmadhāraya: ‘dense mass of bliss’ = ‘full of bliss’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• svataḥ: inherently
• svataḥ: Hetu/Prakṛti-dyotaka (हेतु/प्रकृति-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svatas (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण: ‘of itself/inherently’

Context

Just as the mighty ocean rejoices at sunrise, the inherently cheerful Sumantra became delighted to see the king.

Characters & Entities

• Sumantra
• ocean (sāgara)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is sustained by a wholesome inner disposition: a servant of the realm approaches duty with clarity and gladness, like nature responding to dawn.

What is the narrative situation?

The narration describes Sumantra’s naturally cheerful mood as he performs his morning duty.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Positive-mindedness and readiness to serve.