Previous Verse

Shloka 20

मारीचस्य रावणं प्रति नीत्युपदेशः

Maricha’s Counsel on Kingship and Ruin to Ravana

निवार्यमाणस्तु मया हितैषिणा न मृष्यसे वाक्यमिदं निशाचर।परेतकल्पा हि गतायुषो नरा हितं न गृह्णन्ति सुहृद्भिरीरितम्।।।।

nivāryamāṇas tu mayā hitaiṣiṇā na mṛṣyase vākyam idaṃ niśācara | paretakalpā hi gatāyuṣo narā hitaṃ na gṛhṇanti suhṛdbhir īritam ||

O Nachtwandler (Rāvaṇa), obgleich ich dich als Wohlgesinnter zurückhalte, nimmst du diese Worte nicht an. Denn Menschen, deren Lebenszeit verzehrt ist—gleichsam schon tot—nehmen den heilsamen Rat der Freunde nicht zu Herzen.

nivāryamāṇaḥbeing restrained / being warned
nivāryamāṇaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootni-√vṛ (धातु) + ya (य) + māna (मान)
FormPresent passive participle (कर्मणि वर्तमानकृदन्त/शानच्-मान), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); refers to 'tvam' understood: 'though being restrained/advised'
tubut
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), contrast
mayāby me
mayā:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormInstrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)
hitaiṣiṇāby (one) seeking your welfare
hitaiṣiṇā:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roothita (प्रातिपदिक) + eṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) 'hita-eṣin' = 'seeking your good'; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies 'mayā' (by me, the well-wisher)
nanot
na:
Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध)
mṛṣyaseyou tolerate/accept
mṛṣyase:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√mṛṣ (धातु)
FormLaṭ (लट्/Present), Madhyama-puruṣa (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)
vākyamwords; advice
vākyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvākya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)
idamthis
idam:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies 'vākyam'
niśācaraO night-ranger (Ravana)
niśācara:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootniśācara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)
paretakalpāḥlike the dead; almost dead
paretakalpāḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpareta (प्रातिपदिक) + kalpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) 'pareta-iva kalpāḥ' (as if dead); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifies 'narāḥ'
hiindeed; for
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), causal/emphatic
gatāyuṣaḥwhose life-span is spent
gatāyuṣaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootgata (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + āyus (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) 'gataṃ āyuḥ yeṣām' (whose lifespan is gone); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifies 'narāḥ'
narāḥmen
narāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)
hitambeneficial advice
hitam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roothita (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)
nanot
na:
Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध)
gṛhṇantiaccept; take
gṛhṇanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√grah (धातु)
FormLaṭ (लट्/Present), Prathama-puruṣa (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada
suhṛdbhiḥby friends
suhṛdbhiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootsuhṛd (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन)
īritamspoken; uttered
īritam:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Root√īr (धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies 'hitam'

O Ravana, you do not understand this word of warning coming from your well-wisher. Men who are going to die do not heed the advice given by their friends.ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē vālmīkīya ādikāvyē araṇyakāṇḍē ēkacatvāriṅśassargaḥ৷৷Thus ends the fortyfirst sarga of Aranyakanda of the holy Ramayana the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

M
Mārīca
R
Rāvaṇa

FAQs

Dharma here is the duty to heed हित (beneficial counsel) from a सुहृद् (true friend). Rejecting well-meant warning due to pride is portrayed as a sign of moral and spiritual decline leading toward destruction.

Mārīca warns Rāvaṇa against his reckless plan (the abduction of Sītā) and laments that Rāvaṇa, though advised by a well-wisher, refuses to accept restraint or correction.

The virtue emphasized is wise receptivity (listening to good counsel) and humility. By contrast, Rāvaṇa’s obstinate pride is framed as a mark of one moving toward inevitable death.