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Shloka 33

Tithi-vicara

Determination of Tithi for Fasts, Parana, and Pitri Rites

Devanagari script

रविसंक्रातिकादीनां नावेद्यं विद्यते तव । सौतिरुवाच । द्वे शुक्ले द्वे तथा कृष्णे युगाद्याः कवयो विदुः ॥ ३३ ॥

Transliteration

ravisaṃkrātikādīnāṃ nāvedyaṃ vidyate tava | sautiruvāca | dve śukle dve tathā kṛṣṇe yugādyāḥ kavayo viduḥ || 33 ||

Translation

„Du hast keine Kenntnis von den Saṅkrāntis der Sonne (ihren Tierkreis-Übergängen) und den damit verbundenen Kalenderdingen.“ Sūta sprach: „Die Gelehrten wissen, dass es vier Yuga-Anfänge gibt: zwei in der hellen und zwei in der dunklen Monatshälfte.“

Word by Word
रवि-संक्राति-क-आदीनाम्of (topics) such as the Sun’s ingress etc.
रवि-संक्राति-क-आदीनाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootरवि (प्रातिपदिक) + संक्रान्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + क (प्रातिपदिक; ‘etc.’-sense) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (समूहवाचक), षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः — ‘of (matters like) the Sun’s ingress etc.’
नnot
न:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध (negation)
अवेद्यम्unknown, not to be known
अवेद्यम्:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (विधेयविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअवेद्य (कृदन्त; √विद् (धातु) यत्/ण्यत्-प्रत्यय, नञ्-पूर्वक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण — ‘not to be known/unknown’
विद्यतेexists/is
विद्यते:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√विद् (धातु; ‘to exist’ विद्य्)
Formलट् (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; भावे प्रयोग — ‘exists/is’
तवfor you/of you
तव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; संबन्ध
सूतिःSūta
सूतिः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसूति/सूत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; वक्ता-निर्देश (speaker tag)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect/लिट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
द्वेtwo
द्वे:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), द्विवचन; संख्याविशेषण — ‘two’ (agreeing with implied tithis/days)
शुक्लेin the bright fortnight
शुक्ले:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootशुक्ल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; पक्ष-नाम; अधिकरण — ‘in the bright fortnight’
द्वेtwo
द्वे:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; संख्याविशेषण
तथाlikewise
तथा:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण — ‘likewise’
कृष्णेin the dark fortnight
कृष्णे:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; पक्ष-नाम; अधिकरण — ‘in the dark fortnight’
युग-आद्याःthe Yugādi (days)
युग-आद्याः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयुग (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः — ‘Yugādi (days)’
कवयःthe sages/poets
कवयः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकवि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन
विदुःknow/declare
विदुः:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√विद् (धातु; ‘to know’)
Formलिट् (Perfect/लिट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
Speaker

Suta (Sauti)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Characters & Entities
R
Ravi (Surya)

FAQs

It stresses that correct sacred observance depends on knowing time-divisions such as saṅkrānti and pakṣa; ignorance of calendrical dharma leads to improper performance of rites.

Bhakti practices (vratas, pūjā, tīrtha-yātrā) are traditionally aligned with proper sacred timing; the verse implies devotion should be disciplined by dharmic time-knowledge rather than done carelessly.

It points to calendrical/astronomical reckoning used in pañcāṅga—especially saṅkrānti and pakṣa classification—closely connected with Jyotiṣa Vedāṅga for fixing ritual timings.

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