Shloka 44

Adhyaya 83 — The Slaying of Mahishasura’s Armies and the Final Death of Mahishasura

Sanskrit

तुष्टुवुस्तां सुरा देवीṃ सह दिव्यैर्महर्षिभिः ।

जगुर्गन्धर्वपतयो ननृतुश्चाप्सरोगणाः ॥

Transliteration

tuṣṭuvus tāṃ surā devīṃ saha divyair maharṣibhiḥ / jagur gandharvapatayo nanṛtuś cāpsarogaṇāḥ

Translation

Die Götter priesen jene Göttin zusammen mit den göttlichen großen Sehern; die Herren der Gandharvas sangen, und die Scharen der Apsaras tanzten.

Word by Word

• tuṣṭuvuḥ: praised
• tuṣṭuvuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √stu (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/लिट्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; (स्तु-धातोः परिपूर्ण-रूप)

• tām: her
• tām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम (refers to devīṃ)

• surāḥ: the gods
• surāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• devīm: the Goddess
• devīm: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: devī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/Accompaniment marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सहार्थक उपपद (with; governs instrumental)

• divyaiḥ: divine
• divyaiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: divya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifies maharṣibhiḥ)

• maharṣibhiḥ: with great sages
• maharṣibhiḥ: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/Accompaniment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: maharṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• jaguḥ: sang
• jaguḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gai (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/लिट्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• gandharva-patayaḥ: the lords of the Gandharvas
• gandharva-patayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gandharva (प्रातिपदिक) + pati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः—‘गन्धर्वाणां पतयः’ (lords of Gandharvas)

• nanṛtuḥ: danced
• nanṛtuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √nṛt (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/लिट्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक (conjunction)

• apsarā-gaṇāḥ: the groups of Apsarases
• apsarā-gaṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: apsaras (प्रातिपदिक) + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः—‘अप्सरसां गणाः’ (groups of Apsarases)

Speakers

• Ṛṣi narrating; gods and celestial beings engage in praise

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Devī
• Devas (collective)
• Maharshis (collective)
• Gandharvas (collective)
• Apsarases (collective)

Shakti Aspects

• Devī as Jagadambā (worthy of stuti by devas and ṛṣis); here praised after victory

Key Themes

• Shaktism
• Stuti (devotional praise)
• Cosmic celebration

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Gratitude and praise (stuti) are portrayed as the rightful response to protection and the restoration of order; devotion becomes a communal, cosmic act.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

A liturgical-narrative segment within devī-upākhyāna; it complements dharma by modeling worship and acknowledgment of divine agency.

What is the esoteric significance?

Music and dance signify the harmonization of energies after the conquest of chaos; the cosmos returns to rhythm (ṛta) under Devī’s sovereignty.