Shloka 8

Adhyaya 65 — Svarocis Enjoys on the Mountain; A Debate on Marital Fidelity and Desire

Sanskrit

धन्यो 'यमतिपुण्यो 'यं यो 'यौवनगोचरः ।

दयिताभिः सहैताभिर्भुङ्क्ते भोगानभीप्सितान् ॥

Transliteration

dhanyo 'yam atipuṇyo 'yaṃ yo 'yaṃ yauvanagocaraḥ | dayitābhiḥ saha etābhir bhuṅkte bhogān abhīpsitān ||

Translation

Selig ist er—wahrlich überaus verdienstvoll—dieser, der im Bereich der Jugend steht und die ersehnten Freuden zusammen mit diesen geliebten Frauen genießt.

Word by Word

• धन्यः: fortunate
• धन्यः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhanya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अयम्: this (man)
• अयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; pronoun

• अतिपुण्यः: very meritorious
• अतिपुण्यः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ati-puṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Compound: अति (avyaya) + पुण्य; Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अयम्: this (one)
• अयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; pronoun (repetition for emphasis)

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; relative pronoun

• अयम्: this (one)
• अयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; pronoun

• यौवनगोचरः: moving in/within the sphere of youth
• यौवनगोचरः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yauvana-gocara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Compound: यौवन + गोचर (range/object of experience); Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दयिताभिः: with beloved women
• दयिताभिः: Sahakāraka/Instrument (करण/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dayitā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural

• सह: together with
• सह: Sahakāraka (सह)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, ‘with’ (सहयोगार्थ)

• एताभिः: with these
• एताभिः: Sahakāraka/Instrument (करण/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Plural; demonstrative pronoun

• भुङ्क्ते: enjoys
• भुङ्क्ते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhuj (भुज् धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), 3rd person, Singular; ātmanepada

• भोगान्: enjoyments
• भोगान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Plural

• अभीप्सितान्: desired
• अभीप्सितान्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: abhīpsita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √āp/īps? desiderative sense ‘desired’)
• Form: Past participle used adjectivally; Masculine, Accusative, Plural; agrees with भोगान्

Speakers

• Kalahamsī

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "śṛṅgāra", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Fortune and merit (puṇya)
• Youth and sensual enjoyment
• Value-judgment leading to critique

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The speaker equates visible enjoyment with merit and blessedness; the next verses challenge this assumption by probing whether the mind is truly satisfied and whether affection is exclusive and reciprocal.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ethical reflection within narrative (dharma-upadeśa via upākhyāna), not a pañcalakṣaṇa core item.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Youth’ (yauvana) is a metaphor for the mind’s outward surge; calling it ‘merit’ hints at the common delusion that karmic worth is proven by sensory success.