Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 51, Shloka 117

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

विद्वेषिणी तु या कन्या भृकुटीकुटिलानना ।

तस्या द्वौ तनयौ पुंसामपकारप्रकाशकौ ॥

Transliteration

vidveṣiṇī tu yā kanyā bhṛkuṭīkuṭilānanā /

tasyā dvau tanayau puṃsām apakāraprakāśakau

Translation

Nun hat die Jungfrau namens Vidveṣiṇī, deren Gesicht durch die finster gerunzelte Stirn verzogen ist, zwei Söhne, die Schädigungen gegen die Menschen offenbaren (ans Licht bringen).

Word by Word

• विद्वेषिणी: hating/hostile
• विद्वेषिणी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विद्वेषिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying कन्या

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Nipata (निपात/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (विरोध/अवधारणार्थक अव्यय)

• या: who
• या: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); relative pronoun qualifying कन्या

• कन्या: girl/maiden
• कन्या: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कन्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• भृकुटी-कुटिल-आनना: frown-faced/with a scowling crooked face
• भृकुटी-कुटिल-आनना: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भृकुटी + कुटिल + आनन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); बहुव्रीहिः: ‘भृकुट्या कुटिलम् आननं यस्याः सा’ (one whose face is crooked with a frown)

• तस्याः: of her
• तस्याः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• द्वौ: two
• द्वौ: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual (द्विवचन); numeral qualifying तनयौ

• तनयौ: two sons
• तनयौ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तनय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual (द्विवचन)

• पुंसाम्: of men
• पुंसाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुमांस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• अपकार-प्रकाशकौ: revealing harm/mischief-making
• अपकार-प्रकाशकौ: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपकार + प्रकाशक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual (द्विवचन); तत्पुरुषः ‘अपकारं प्रकाशयतः’ (revealing/manifesting harm) qualifying तनयौ

Speakers

• Narrative voice

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "raudra", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Envy/hatred as a generative force of suffering
• Social discord
• Moral psychology (personified)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Hatred is portrayed as 'productive'—it generates agents that disclose and magnify human faults and injuries, indicating that malice does not stay internal but externalizes into social damage.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary moral-etiological narration (not a vaṃśa list or manvantara chronicle).

What is the esoteric significance?

The 'frowning, twisted face' is an icon of inner distortion: when citta is warped by dveṣa, perception itself becomes crooked and projects harm outward.