Shloka 27

Adhyaya 46 — Cosmic Dissolution, the Emergence of Brahma, and the Measures of Time (Yugas, Manvantaras, and Brahma’s Day)

Sanskrit

चत्वारि तु सहस्राणि वर्षाणां कृतमुच्यते ।

शतानि सन्ध्या चत्वारि सन्ध्यांशश्च तथाविधः ॥

Transliteration

catvāri tu sahasrāṇi varṣāṇāṃ kṛtam ucyate | śatāni sandhyā catvāri sandhyāṃśaś ca tathāvidhaḥ ||

Translation

Es heißt, das Kṛta-(Satya-)Yuga währe viertausend göttliche Jahre. Seine Dämmerungsfuge (sandhyā) beträgt vierhundert Jahre, und sein Dämmerungsanteil (sandhyāṃśa) ist von gleicher Länge.

Word by Word

• catvāri: four
• catvāri: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: catvāri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), बहुवचन; संख्याविशेषण (numeral adjective)

• tu: indeed / but
• tu: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात/पदार्थ-विशेषक (particle: but/indeed)

• sahasrāṇi: thousands
• sahasrāṇi: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sahasra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), बहुवचन

• varṣāṇām: of years
• varṣāṇām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: varṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• kṛtam: the Kṛta (age)
• kṛtam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṛta (कृदन्त; √kṛ कृ धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; भूतकृत्-प्रत्यय (past passive participle used as noun)

• ucyate: is said / is called
• ucyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (वच् धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन

• śatāni: hundreds
• śatāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), बहुवचन

• sandhyā: the twilight (junction-period)
• sandhyā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sandhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• catvāri: four
• catvāri: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: catvāri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), बहुवचन; संख्याविशेषण

• sandhyāṃśaḥ: the sandhyā-portion
• sandhyāṃśaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sandhyā-aṃśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (sandhyāyāḥ aṃśaḥ = part of the sandhyā)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• tathāvidhaḥ: of the same kind / likewise
• tathāvidhaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tathā-vidha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (tathā + vidha = of such kind)

Speakers

• Didactic narrator detailing yuga components.

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Yuga durations
• Sandhyā periods

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Transitions matter: moral and social orders do not shift abruptly but through ‘junctions’; vigilance is especially needed in liminal periods.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Chronological apparatus for manvantara and vaṃśa narration; yuga-junctions often mark resets in sarga/pratisarga storytelling.

What is the esoteric significance?

Sandhyā and sandhyāṃśa symbolize the subtle thresholds of consciousness—entry and exit points where transformation is easiest and instability greatest.