Shloka 27

Adhyaya 32 — Sankhya Philosophy

Sanskrit

श्रद्धया परया दत्तं पितॄणां नामगोत्रतः ।

यदाहारास्तु ते जातास्तदाहारत्वमेति तत् ॥

Transliteration

śraddhayā parayā dattaṃ pitṝṇāṃ nāma-gotrataḥ / yad āhārās tu te jātās tad āhāratvam eti tat

Translation

Was mit höchstem Glauben gegeben und den Pitṛ unter Nennung ihrer Namen und gotras (Sippenlinien) dargebracht wird, wird genau zu ihrer Speise—welche Form der Nahrung ihnen auch angemessen ist, dieses Opfer erreicht eben diesen Zustand.

Word by Word

• श्रद्धया: with faith
• श्रद्धया: Karana (करण/instrumental—manner)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śraddhā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• परया: supreme; intense
• परया: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; 'श्रद्धया' इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• दत्तम्: given; offered
• दत्तम्: Karma (कर्म—thing given/offered)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दा (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• पितॄणाम्: of/for the ancestors (pitṛs)
• पितॄणाम्: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/recipient—genitive usage)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• नामगोत्रतः: according to (their) name and lineage
• नामगोत्रतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/qualification)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāma + gotra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभावसमासः; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb) = 'by/according to name and lineage'

• यत्: whatever which
• यत्: Karma (कर्म—relative object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक

• आहाराः: foods; sustenances
• आहाराः: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āhāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• तु: but; indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (contrastive particle)

• ते: they (the ancestors)
• ते: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; 'पितरः' इत्यर्थे

• जाताः: become; arisen
• जाताः: Kriya (क्रिया—predicate complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जन् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP used adjectivally), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; 'ते' इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• तत्: that (offering)
• तत्: Karta (कर्ता/subject of 'एति')
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तद्-निर्देश

• आहारत्वम्: the state of being food
• आहारत्वम्: Karma (कर्म—attained state)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āhāra + tva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष/उपपद-भावसमासः (आहार + त्व = state of being food); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• एति: goes to; becomes; attains
• एति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• तत्: that (very thing)
• तत्: Karma (कर्म—correlative to 'यत्')
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; पुनर्निर्देश (anaphoric)

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within Markandeya Purana’s ritual discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhakti", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Śrāddha efficacy
• Śraddhā (faith)
• Sankalpa (intent)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Intention and reverent precision matter: faith (śraddhā) plus correct relational addressing (nāma-gotra) is said to transform the material offering into a fitting benefit for subtle recipients.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ritual-dharma teaching; not one of the five characteristics, but a practical theology of how offerings ‘reach’ their intended recipients.

What is the esoteric significance?

Naming and gotra function like an ‘address’ in subtle space; śraddhā is the energizing force that converts gross offering into subtle nourishment compatible with the pitṛs’ plane.