Shloka 6

Adhyaya 30 — Madālasā’s Instruction on Household Duties and Naimittika–Śrāddha Rites

Sanskrit

उदङ्मुखः प्राङ्मुखो वा यजमानः समाहितः ।

वैश्वदेवविहीनं तत् केचिदिच्छन्ति मानवाः ॥

Transliteration

udaṅmukhaḥ prāṅmukho vā yajamānaḥ samāhitaḥ | vaiśvadevavihīnaṃ tat kecid icchanti mānavāḥ ||

Translation

Der Yajamāna soll, in innerer Sammlung, nach Norden oder nach Osten gewandt sein. Manche ziehen es vor, diesen Ritus ohne die Vaiśvadeva-Opfergabe zu vollziehen.

Word by Word

• उदङ्-मुखः: north-facing
• उदङ्-मुखः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उदङ् (अव्यय/दिक्शब्द) + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; अव्ययीभाव-समास (उदङ् = उत्तराभिमुखम्)

• प्राङ्-मुखः: east-facing
• प्राङ्-मुखः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्राङ् (अव्यय/दिक्शब्द) + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; अव्ययीभाव-समास (प्राङ् = पूर्वाभिमुखम्)

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विकल्प-निपात (or)

• यजमानः: the sacrificer (host)
• यजमानः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज् (धातु) + शानच् (कृत्)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (शानच्), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; ‘the sacrificer/performer’

• समाहितः: composed, attentive
• समाहितः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम् + आ + धा (धातु) + क्त (कृत्)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; ‘collected/attentive’

• वैश्वदेव-विहीनम्: devoid of the vaiśvadeva offering
• वैश्वदेव-विहीनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वैश्वदेव (प्रातिपदिक) + विहीन (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (वैश्वदेवेन विहीनम्)

• तत्: that (rite)
• तत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• केचित्: some (people)
• केचित्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + चित् (अव्यय-प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन; अनिश्चित-सर्वनाम (some)

• इच्छन्ति: desire/approve
• इच्छन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: इष्/इच्छ् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• मानवाः: men
• मानवाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), बहुवचन

Speakers

• Instructional narrator within the Dharma/ritual discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs
• Viśve Devāḥ (implied by Vaiśvadeva)

Key Themes

• Ritual procedure
• Directional rules
• Śrāddha variants
• Dharma

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ritual is not only external action but mental composure (‘samāhita’). The note about omission indicates recognized diversity of practice within dharma traditions.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma content; not a direct pañcalakṣaṇa segment.

What is the esoteric significance?

Facing east/north aligns the performer with auspicious cosmic directions; omitting Vaiśvadeva in some traditions emphasizes exclusive focus on the Pitṛs in this context.