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Shloka 11

Adhyaya 27Madālasa’s Instruction to King Alarka: Royal Ethics, Self-Conquest, and Statecraft

यस्त्वेतानविजित्यैव वैरिणो विजिगीषते ।

सोऽजितात्मा जितामात्यः शत्रुवर्गेण बाध्यते ॥

yas tv etān avijityaiva vairiṇo vijigīṣate /

so 'jitātmā jitāmātyaḥ śatruvargeṇa bādhyate

Wer jedoch, ohne zuvor diese inneren Kräfte zu besiegen, die Feinde besiegen will—während das eigene Selbst unbezwingt bleibt, obgleich die Minister unterworfen sind—wird von der Schar der Feinde bedrückt.

यःwho
यः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; relative pronoun
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात/particle (contrast/emphasis)
एतान्these
एतान्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; demonstrative pronoun
अविजित्यwithout conquering
अविजित्य:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial to main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootअ + जि (धातु) (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive); ‘not having conquered’
एवindeed/just
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formनिपात/particle (emphasis)
वैरिणःenemies
वैरिणः:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootवैरिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन (Vedic/epic variant for -īn); object of desire-to-conquer
विजिगीषतेwants to conquer
विजिगीषते:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + जि (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; desiderative stem (सन्नन्त) ‘wishes to conquer’
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun
अजितात्माone who has not conquered himself
अजितात्मा:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ + जित (कृदन्त from जि) + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नञ्-तत्पुरुष (negation): ‘unconquered-self’
जितामात्यःhaving subdued his ministers
जितामात्यः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootजित (कृदन्त from जि) + अमात्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘having conquered (his) ministers’
शत्रुवर्गेणby the host of enemies
शत्रुवर्गेण:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु + वर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; ‘by the group of enemies’
बाध्यतेis afflicted/overpowered
बाध्यते:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootबाध् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
Didactic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s nīti/rājadharma discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhaya", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaKingshipSelf-controlPolitical Prudence

FAQs

Ambition without self-mastery is self-defeating: even if administrative machinery is forced into obedience, the ruler’s own ungoverned impulses create vulnerabilities that enemies exploit.

Ancillary nīti; not pancalakṣaṇa.

A mind that subdues externals but not itself is ‘split’; such inner incoherence invites ‘enemy forces’—stress, confusion, and reactive patterns—to dominate.