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Shloka 38

Adhyaya 18Arjuna Declines the Throne; Garga Directs Him to Dattatreya; The Gods Defeat the Daityas through Dattatreya’s Vision and the Movement of Lakshmi

तमेव विविशुर्दैत्याḥ कालयन्तो दिवौकसः ।

ददृशुश्च महात्मानं दत्तात्रेयं महाबलम् ॥

tam eva viviśur daityāḥ kālayanto divaukasaḥ | dadṛśuś ca mahātmānaṃ dattātreyaṃ mahābalam ||

Die Daityas drangen an eben jenen Ort ein, bedrängten die Bewohner des Himmels und erblickten den großgesinnten, mächtigen Dattātreya.

तम्him
तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
एवindeed/only
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/अव्यय-सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormParticle/Emphatic (निपात)
विविशुःentered
विविशुः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi-viś (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)
दैत्याःthe Daityas/demons
दैत्याः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdaitya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)
कालयन्तःdriving/impelling
कालयन्तः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootkālaya (णिजन्त-धातु from kāl/kal) (धातु)
FormPresent active participle (वर्तमान-कृदन्त/शतृ), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); causative sense (णिजन्त)
दिवौकसःthe gods (dwellers in heaven)
दिवौकसः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdivaukas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
ददृशुःsaw
ददृशुः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/अव्यय-सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
महात्मानम्the great-souled one
महात्मानम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
दत्तात्रेयम्Dattātreya
दत्तात्रेयम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdattātreya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
महाबलम्mighty/very strong
महाबलम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahābala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying दत्तात्रेयम्
Garga (narrator) within the Markandeya Purana’s narrative frame
Dattātreya
Lakṣmī-like consort imagery (not Devi Māhātmyam forms)
Delusion (moha)TemptationAdharma of abductionPower of ascetic presence

FAQs

Aggression against the righteous (here, the celestials) leads the Daityas into the orbit of a higher spiritual power (Dattātreya). The verse sets up a contrast between brute force and the subtler force of dharma/tejas embodied by a mahātmā.

This passage is primarily Ākhyāna (narrative) supporting dharma-teaching, not a direct sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita unit, though it can be grouped under vaṃśānucarita-style moralized episodes about notable beings.

Dattātreya functions as the axis of higher consciousness before which lower impulses are exposed. The ‘entering’ of the Daityas symbolizes the intrusion of rajasic/tamasic tendencies into a sattvic field—where they become self-revealing.