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Shloka 28

Adhyaya 18Arjuna Declines the Throne; Garga Directs Him to Dattatreya; The Gods Defeat the Daityas through Dattatreya’s Vision and the Movement of Lakshmi

दत्तात्रेय उवाच

मद्याऽसक्तोऽहमुच्छिष्टो न चैवाऽहं जितेन्द्रियः ।

कथमिक्छथ मत्तोऽपि देवाḥ शत्रुपराभवम् ॥

dattātreya uvāca

madyāsakto ’ham ucchiṣṭo na caivāhaṃ jitendriyaḥ |

katham icchatha matto ’pi devāḥ śatru-parābhavam ||

Dattātreya sprach: „Ich hänge am Wein; ich bin unrein (einer, der Reste isst); und ich habe meine Sinne nicht bezwungen. Wie könnt ihr Götter selbst von mir die Niederlage eurer Feinde begehren?“

दत्तात्रेयःDattātreya
दत्तात्रेयः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootदत्तात्रेय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
मद्याwith liquor
मद्या:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootमद्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन (समासपूर्वपदत्वे)
आसक्तःattached/addicted
आसक्तः:
कर्तृविशेषण (Agent-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootआसक्त (कृदन्त; √सञ्ज्/सज् + आ- उपसर्ग, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; भूतकर्मणि/भूतकालिक विशेषण (past participle)
अहम्I
अहम्:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन
उच्छिष्टःimpure/defiled (leftover-tainted)
उच्छिष्टः:
कर्तृविशेषण (Agent-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootउच्छिष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण
not
:
सम्बन्ध/निषेध (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)
and
:
समुच्चय (Conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
एवindeed
एव:
अवधारण (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
अहम्I
अहम्:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन
जितेन्द्रियःone who has conquered the senses
जितेन्द्रियः:
कर्तृविशेषण (Agent-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootजित-इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक; √जि (धातु) क्त + इन्द्रिय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (इन्द्रियाणि जितानि यस्य/जितानि इन्द्रियाणि)
कथम्how
कथम्:
प्रश्न (Interrogative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्न-अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
इच्छथdo you wish
इच्छथ:
क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
मत्तःfrom me
मत्तः:
अपादान (Apādāna/Source)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन
अपिeven/also
अपि:
सम्बन्ध (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अपि-कारक (particle: also/even)
देवाःO gods
देवाः:
सम्बोधन/कर्ता (Addressed agents)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
शत्रु-पराभवम्defeat of the enemy
शत्रु-पराभवम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु + पराभव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (शत्रोः पराभवः)
Dattātreya → Devas

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DattātreyaDevas (collective)
Dharma (purity vs. realization)Jñāna and inner purityAscetic ideals vs. social markersDeva–Asura conflict (request for aid)

FAQs

The verse foregrounds the tension between external markers of purity (restraint, ritual cleanliness) and the deeper criterion of spiritual efficacy. Dattātreya presents himself as socially ‘unfit,’ prompting the later clarification that true purity is rooted in knowledge and non-attachment rather than mere appearance.

Primarily falls under Ākhyāna (didactic narrative) used to teach dharma/jñāna; only indirectly connected to manvantara or vaṃśānucarita. It is not a sarga/pratisarga passage.

Dattātreya’s ‘impurity’ functions as a deliberate paradox: realized wisdom can remain stainless even amid provocative outer circumstances, indicating that bondage is created by saṅga (clinging) rather than by mere contact.