Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 63

Adhyaya 14The Messenger of Yama Explains Karmic Retribution and the Causes of Naraka Torments

गुरु-देव-द्विजातीनां वेदानाञ्च नराधमैः ।

निन्दा निशामिता यैश्च पापानामभिनन्दताम् ॥

guru-deva-dvijātīnāṃ vedānāñ ca narādhamaiḥ /

nindā niśāmitā yaiś ca pāpānām abhinandatām

Jene niederträchtigen Männer, die die Herabsetzung von Lehrern, Göttern, den Zweimalgeborenen und den Veden anhören—und solche Sünder auch noch billigen—werden bestraft.

guru-deva-dvijātīnāmof teachers, gods, and the twice-born
guru-deva-dvijātīnām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootguru (प्रातिपदिक) + deva (प्रातिपदिक) + dvijāti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वन्द्व-समासः (समाहार/इतरेतर) ‘गुरवः देवाः द्विजातयः’; Genitive (षष्ठी) Plural (बहुवचन)
vedānāmof the Vedas
vedānām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootveda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी) Plural (बहुवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)
narādhamaiḥby the vilest men
narādhamaiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Agent)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक) + adhama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषः (कर्मधारय-प्राय) ‘अधमाः नराः’; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) Plural (बहुवचन)
nindācensure/blame
nindā:
Karma (कर्म/Patient; in passive construction)
TypeNoun
Rootnindā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
niśāmitāwas witnessed/heard
niśāmitā:
Kriyā (क्रिया; passive predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootni-śamita (कृदन्त from √śam/√śam? here √śam ‘to notice/observe’ in causative sense; lexical niśāmita ‘seen/heard’)
FormPast passive participle (क्त/कर्मणि), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); agrees with निन्दा
yaiḥby whom
yaiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Agent)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) Plural (बहुवचन); relative pronoun
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/particle (समुच्चय/अन्वय)
pāpānāmof sins/evil deeds
pāpānām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootpāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी) Plural (बहुवचन)
abhinandatāmof those who applaud
abhinandatām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeVerb
Rootabhi-nand (धातु √nand with अभि-)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ) in Genitive (षष्ठी) Plural (बहुवचन); ‘of those who rejoice/approve’
Naraka narration (ethical prohibitions around speech and assent)

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Yama (implied)
DharmaŚabda-aparādha (offenses of speech)Respect for VedaKarma-phalaNaraka

FAQs

Ethics includes complicity: not only speaking harmfully but also endorsing or enjoying it is karmically binding. The verse warns against passive participation in adharma.

Dharma instruction (ācāra and its phala). It supports Purāṇic social theology rather than cosmic genealogy.

Speech is creative power; to corrupt it through blasphemy (or approval) is to misuse śakti of vāk, leading to inner ‘piercing’ consequences described next.