Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 59

Adhyaya 14The Messenger of Yama Explains Karmic Retribution and the Causes of Naraka Torments

गावोऽग्निर्जननी विप्रोज्येष्ठभ्राता पिता स्वसा ।

जामयो गुरवो वृद्धा यैः स्पृष्टास्तु पदा नृभिः ॥

gāvo 'gnir jananī vipro jyeṣṭha-bhrātā pitā svasā /

jāmayo guravo vṛddhā yaiḥ spṛṣṭās tu padā nṛbhiḥ

Jene Männer, die Kühe, das Feuer, ihre Mutter, einen Brāhmaṇa, den älteren Bruder, den Vater, die Schwester, weibliche Verwandte durch Heirat, Lehrer und Greise getreten (mit dem Fuß berührt) haben—für sie folgen schwerste Konsequenzen.

gāvaḥcows
gāvaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/उद्देश्य-निर्देश)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)
agniḥfire
agniḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/उद्देश्य-निर्देश)
TypeNoun
Rootagni (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
jananīmother
jananī:
Karta (कर्ता/उद्देश्य-निर्देश)
TypeNoun
Rootjananī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
vipraḥa brahmin
vipraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/उद्देश्य-निर्देश)
TypeNoun
Rootvipra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
jyeṣṭha-bhrātāelder brother
jyeṣṭha-bhrātā:
Karta (कर्ता/उद्देश्य-निर्देश)
TypeNoun
Rootjyeṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक) + bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); कर्मधारयः ‘ज्येष्ठः भ्राता’
pitāfather
pitā:
Karta (कर्ता/उद्देश्य-निर्देश)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
svasāsister
svasā:
Karta (कर्ता/उद्देश्य-निर्देश)
TypeNoun
Rootsvasṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
jāmayaḥkinsmen/relatives by marriage
jāmayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/उद्देश्य-निर्देश)
TypeNoun
Rootjāmi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)
guravaḥteachers/elders
guravaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/उद्देश्य-निर्देश)
TypeNoun
Rootguru (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)
vṛddhāḥthe aged
vṛddhāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/उद्देश्य-निर्देश)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛddha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)
yaiḥby whom
yaiḥ:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) Plural (बहुवचन); relative pronoun
spṛṣṭāḥtouched
spṛṣṭāḥ:
Karma (कर्म/Patient)
TypeVerb
Rootspṛś (धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त/कर्मणि), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)
tuindeed/but
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), contrast/emphasis
padāwith the foot
padā:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootpada (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) Singular (एकवचन)
nṛbhiḥby men
nṛbhiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Agent)
TypeNoun
Rootnṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया) Plural (बहुवचन)
Narratorial description of Yama’s punishments (Yama/Yamadūtas context implied by subsequent verses)

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "raudra", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Yama (implied)Agni (as sacred fire)
DharmaAparādha (offenses)Karma-phalaNaraka

FAQs

Reverence (satkāra) toward sanctified beings and dharma-pillars—parents, teachers, elders, brāhmaṇas, cows, and fire—is non-negotiable in the Purāṇic ethic. Physical contempt (kicking) is treated as a direct violation of ṛta/dharma, producing severe karmic retribution.

Primarily ‘Vamśānucarita/Dharma’ material (ethical conduct and its fruits), not sarga/pratisarga. It functions as didactic naraka-varṇana (hell-description) used to reinforce varṇāśrama-dharma.

The ‘foot’ symbolizes egoic dominance and disrespect. To place it upon the sacred (agni, go, guru, mātṛ) is to invert the proper hierarchy of consciousness; the ensuing bondage imagery in later verses mirrors self-forged inner bondage.