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Shloka 10

Adhyaya 13 — The Son’s Account of Hell and the Question of Unseen Sin

Sanskrit

पुरुष उवाच

भो याम्यपुरुषाचक्ष्व किं मया दुष्कृतं कृतम् ।

येनॆदं यातनाभीमं प्राप्तोऽस्मि नरकं परम् ॥

Transliteration

puruṣa uvāca bho yāmya-puruṣācakṣva kiṃ mayā duṣkṛtaṃ kṛtam | yenedaṃ yātanābhīmaṃ prāpto 'smi narakaṃ param

Translation

Der Mann sprach: „O Diener Yamas, sage mir: Welche böse Tat habe ich begangen, dass ich in diese schreckliche Hölle der Qualen gelangt bin?“

Word by Word
puruṣaḥthe man
puruṣaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
bhoO!
bho:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbho (अव्यय)
Formसम्बोधन-निपात (vocative particle/interjection)
yāmya-puruṣaO servant of Yama
yāmya-puruṣa:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootyāmya (प्रातिपदिक) + puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (यमस्य/याम्यः पुरुषः)
ācakṣvatell (me)
ācakṣva:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Command)
TypeVerb
Rootcakṣ (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
kimwhat
kim:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम
mayāby me
mayā:
Kartr̥-karaṇa (कर्तृ/Agent-instrumental usage)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
duṣkṛtamevil deed
duṣkṛtam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootduṣkṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
kṛtamdone/committed
kṛtam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण/Predicative)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु)
Formक्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मणि-भावः (done)
yenaby which
yena:
Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध/हेतु (by which/whereby)
idamthis
idam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
yātanā-bhīmamterrible with torments
yātanā-bhīmam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootyātanā (प्रातिपदिक) + bhīma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (यातनायाः भयंकरम्)
prāptaḥ(I have) reached
prāptaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-āp (धातु)
Formक्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोग (having reached)
asmiam
asmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Copula)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
narakamhell
narakam:
Karma (कर्म/Goal object)
TypeNoun
Rootnaraka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
paramsupreme/utter
param:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootpara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण
Speakers
Vipaścit (as ‘puruṣa’) speaking to a Yāmya attendant
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities
Yama
Key Themes
Moral accountabilityKarma-vicāra (inquiry into action and result)Fear of consequences

FAQs

The verse models ethical introspection: rather than denying or blaming, one asks what action produced the result—an essential Purāṇic method for dharma-teaching.

Dharma instruction through narrative dialogue; not directly Sarga/Pratisarga/Vaṃśa/Manvantara/Vaṃśānucarita, though it may be embedded within a larger vaṃśānucarita storyline.

The question ‘what did I do?’ is the awakening of buddhi within suffering—pain becomes the catalyst for discernment (viveka).

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