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Shloka 21

Kuru-Sainika-Āśvāsana and Vijayaghoṣaṇa

Reassuring the Kuru Soldiers; Proclaiming Victory

शरसंघमहावर्ता नागनक्रां दुरत्ययाम्‌ । महारथमहाद्वीपां शड्खदुन्दुभिनि:स्वनाम्‌ | चकार च तदा पार्थों नदीं दुस्तरशोणिताम्‌

śarasaṅgha-mahāvartā nāga-nakrāṁ duratyayām | mahāratha-mahādvīpāṁ śaṅkha-dundubhi-niḥsvanām || cakāra ca tadā pārtho nadīṁ dustara-śoṇitām |

Vaiśampāyana sprach: Da erschuf Pārtha (Arjuna) dort einen Blutstrom, schwer zu durchqueren. Seine großen Strudel waren Massen von Pfeilen; seine Elefanten und Krokodile waren die Kriegsbestien, die den Übergang gefährlich machten; mächtige Wagen standen darin wie gewaltige Inseln; und das Dröhnen der Muschelhörner und der Donner der Kriegstrommeln wurde zum eigenen Brausen des Flusses. So ließ Arjuna dort einen nahezu unüberwindlichen Blutfluss entstehen. Das Bild zeigt, wie die Schlacht, vom kriegerischen Pflichtgefühl getrieben, das Feld in eine furchterregende Landschaft verwandelt, in der menschliche Gewalt die Wucht der Natur annimmt.

शर-संघ-महा-आवर्ताःhaving great whirlpools made of masses of arrows
शर-संघ-महा-आवर्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआवर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
नाग-नक्रान्elephants and crocodiles
नाग-नक्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनागनक्र (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दुरत्ययाम्hard to cross
दुरत्ययाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुरत्यया (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
महा-रथ-महा-द्वीपाम्having great chariots as great islands
महा-रथ-महा-द्वीपाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वीप (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
शङ्ख-दुन्दुभि-निःस्वनाम्having the sound of conches and kettle-drums
शङ्ख-दुन्दुभि-निःस्वनाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिःस्वन (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
चकारmade/created
चकार:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
पार्थःPārtha (Arjuna)
पार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नदीम्a river
नदीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनदी (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
दुस्तर-शोणिताम्blood(-river) difficult to cross
दुस्तर-शोणिताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशोणिता (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
P
Pārtha (Arjuna)
A
arrows
E
elephants
C
crocodiles (nakra)
C
chariots
C
conches (śaṅkha)
W
war-drums (dundubhi)
R
river of blood (śoṇita-nadī)

Educational Q&A

The verse uses a powerful metaphor to show the moral weight and terrifying consequences of warfare: when a warrior fulfills kṣatriya-duty, the battlefield can become like a natural catastrophe—suggesting both the inevitability of conflict in certain dharmic contexts and the grave human cost that accompanies it.

Vaiśampāyana describes Arjuna’s overwhelming martial prowess: his arrows, chariots, and the din of conches and drums are poetically recast as features of a fearsome ‘river of blood’—with whirlpools, crocodiles, and islands—emphasizing how difficult it is for enemies to withstand or cross his onslaught.