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Mahabharata 3.39.74Vana Parva, Adhyaya 39, Shloka 74

Arjuna’s Himalayan Departure and the Commencement of Severe Tapas

Janamejaya’s Inquiry; Sages Approach Śiva

अजुन उवाच कपर्दिन्‌ सर्वदेवेश भगनेत्रनिपातन । देवदेव महादेव नीलग्रीव जटाधर

arjuna uvāca

kāpardin sarvadeveśa bhagane-tra-nipātana |

deva-deva mahādeva nīlagrīva jaṭādhara ||

Arjuna sprach: „O Kāpardin, Herr aller Götter, du, der du das Auge Bhagas zu Boden schlugst! O Gott der Götter, großer Mahādeva—blaukehlig, Träger der verfilzten Locken—“ So begann Arjuna seine ehrfürchtige Anrede, pries Śivas furchtgebietende Taten und seine asketische Majestät, ehe er um göttlichen Beistand bat.

अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कपर्दिन्O Kapardin (one with matted hair/topknot)
कपर्दिन्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootकपर्दिन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सर्वदेवेशO lord of all gods
सर्वदेवेश:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व-देव-ईश
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
भगनेत्रनिपातनO destroyer of Bhaga's eye(s)
भगनेत्रनिपातन:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootभग-नेत्र-निपातन
FormNeuter, Vocative, Singular
देवदेवO god of gods
देवदेव:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootदेव-देव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
महादेवO great god (Mahadeva)
महादेव:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootमहा-देव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नीलग्रीवO blue-necked one
नीलग्रीव:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootनील-ग्रीव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
जटाधरO bearer of matted locks
जटाधर:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootजटा-धर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
Ś
Śiva (Mahādeva)
B
Bhaga

Educational Q&A

Approaching the divine begins with humility and truthful recognition of the deity’s nature—both benevolent and formidable. Arjuna’s stuti models devotion grounded in awareness of Śiva’s ascetic authority and cosmic power, implying that ethical strength and success should be sought through reverence and self-discipline rather than arrogance.

In the Vana Parva context, Arjuna addresses Śiva with a hymn-like salutation. He invokes Śiva by multiple epithets—Kāpardin, Sarvadeveśa, Deva-deva, Mahādeva, Nīlagrīva, Jaṭādhara—and recalls the deed of striking down Bhaga’s eye, establishing Śiva’s supremacy before proceeding to request divine favor.

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