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Shloka 1

स्त्रीणां माहात्म्यप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into the Excellence of Women

Pativratā-Dharma

इस प्रकार श्रीमहाभारत वनपर्वके अन्तर्गत मार्कण्डेययमास्यापर्वमें शिविचरिताविषयक एक सौ चौरानबेवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ ॥/ १९४ ॥। #::73:.8 #::3:.:.7 () हि 2 7 पजञज्चनवर्त्याधेकशततमो< ध्याय: राजा ययातिद्वारा ब्राह्गको सहस्र गौओंका दान मार्कण्डेय उवाच इदमन्यच्छुयतां ययातिर्नाहुषो राजा राज्यस्थ: पौरजनावृत आसांचक्रे गुर्वर्थी ब्राह्मण उपेत्याब्रवीद्‌ भो राजन गुर्वर्थ भिक्षेयं समयादिति,मार्कण्डेयजी कहते हैं--युधिष्ठि!! अब एक-दूसरे क्षत्रिय नरेशका महत्त्व सुनो-- नहुषके पुत्र राजा ययाति जब पुरवासी मनुष्योंसे घिरे हुए राजसिंहासन-पर विराजमान थे, उन्हीं दिनोंकी बात है, एक ब्राह्मण गुरु-दक्षिणा देनेके लिये भिक्षा माँगनेकी इच्छासे उनके पास आकर बोला--'राजन! मैं गुरु-दक्षिणा देनेके लिये भिक्षा चाहता हूँ, किंतु उसके साथ एक शर्त है”

mārkaṇḍeya uvāca | idam anyac chṛṇutāṃ—yayātir nāhuṣo rājā rājya-sthaḥ paurajana-āvṛtaḥ | āsāṃ cakre | gurv-arthī brāhmaṇa upetya abravīt—“bho rājan, gurv-arthaṃ bhikṣeyaṃ samayād iti” |

Markandeya sprach: „Hört nun eine andere Begebenheit — die von König Yayati, dem Sohn Nahushas. Als er fest in seinem Reich saß, auf dem Thron, umgeben von den Bürgern, trat ein Brahmane zu ihm, der Mittel suchte, um die guru-dakṣiṇā zu entrichten. Er sprach zum König: ‚O König, ich erbitte Almosen für das, was ich meinem Lehrer schulde — doch nur unter einer festgesetzten Bedingung.‘“

मार्कण्डेयःMarkandeya
मार्कण्डेयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमार्कण्डेय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अन्यत्another (thing)
अन्यत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्रूयताम्let it be heard / please listen
श्रूयताम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, 3rd, Singular, Passive
ययातिःYayati
ययातिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootययाति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नाहुषःson of Nahusha / of Nahusha
नाहुषः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनाहुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राज्यस्थःsituated in (his) kingdom / on the throne
राज्यस्थः:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootराज्यस्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पौरजनावृतःsurrounded by townspeople
पौरजनावृतः:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपौरजनावृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle), वृ (आवरणे)
आसाम्of those (days/times)
आसाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
चक्रेdid / performed / arranged
चक्रे:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
गुर्वर्थीseeking (money) for the teacher (guru-fee)
गुर्वर्थी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगुर्वर्थिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उपेत्यhaving approached
उपेत्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootउप-इ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
अब्रवीत्said
अब्रवीत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भोO! (vocative particle)
भो:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभो
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
गुर्वर्थम्for the guru-fee / for the teacher's purpose
गुर्वर्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुर्वर्थ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भिक्षेयम्alms to be begged / I seek alms
भिक्षेयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभिक्षा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular, यत् (future passive participle / desiderative sense as used), भिक्ष्
समयात्by agreement / on condition
समयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसमय
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Markandeya
Y
Yayati
N
Nahusha
A
a Brahmin petitioner
G
guru (teacher, implied recipient of dakshina)
P
paurajana (citizens)

Educational Q&A

The passage frames kingship as accountable to dharma: a ruler, publicly seated among his people, is tested by requests tied to sacred obligations (guru-dakṣiṇā). It introduces charity not as casual giving but as ethically conditioned giving—where the king must weigh generosity, propriety, and the terms of the request.

Markandeya begins a new exemplum about King Yayati. A Brahmin comes to the king’s court to obtain alms needed for his teacher’s fee and announces that his request includes a specific condition, setting up the moral dilemma that will follow.