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Shloka 16

Adhyāya 96: Nārada Guides Mātali in Varuṇa’s Realm

Varuṇa-loka Darśana

“जिनका शीलस्वभाव श्रेष्ठ है, जो ऊँचे कुलमें उत्पन्न हुए यशस्वी तथा कोमल अन्तःकरणवाले हैं; ऐसे लोगोंके कुलमें कन्याका उत्पन्न होना दुःखकी ही बात है ।। मातुः कुलं पितृकुलं यत्र चैव प्रदीयते । कुलत्रयं संशयितं कुरुते कन्‍्यका सताम्‌,“कन्या मातृकुलको, पितृकुलको तथा जहाँ वह ब्याही जाती है, उस कुलको-- सत्पुरुषोंके इन तीनों कुलोंको संशयमें डाल देती है

mātuḥ kulaṃ pitṛkulaṃ yatra caiva pradīyate | kulatrayaṃ saṃśayitaṃ kurute kanyakā satām ||

Kaṇva sprach: „Eine Tochter bringt drei Geschlechter in Zweifel: das Haus der Mutter, das Haus des Vaters und das Haus, in das sie zur Ehe gegeben wird. Darum wird unter den Tugendhaften ihre Geburt zur Quelle der Sorge, denn Fragen nach Abstammung und Fortbestand der Linie erheben sich um alle drei Häuser.“

मातुःof the mother
मातुः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
कुलम्family/lineage
कुलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पितृfather (as qualifier)
पितृ:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Stem-form (in compound), Singular
कुलम्family/lineage
कुलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
प्रदीयतेis given (in marriage)
प्रदीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + दा
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
कुलत्रयम्the three families
कुलत्रयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुलत्रय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
संशयितम्doubtful/placed in doubt
संशयितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसं + शि (causative/denominative sense) / संशयित (ppp)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कुरुतेmakes/causes
कुरुते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
कन्यकाa daughter/maiden
कन्यका:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकन्यका
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सताम्of the good/noble (people)
सताम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootसत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

कण्व उवाच

कण्व (Kaṇva)
कन्या (kanyakā—daughter/maiden)
मातृकुल (mother’s lineage)
पितृकुल (father’s lineage)
यत्र प्रदीयते (the marital/affinal family)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a traditional concern of kula-dharma: marriage alliances and questions of descent can create uncertainty across multiple families. It reflects an ethical-social anxiety about lineage continuity and reputation among ‘sat’ (upright) households.

Kaṇva is speaking reflectively about the social consequences of a daughter’s marriage: because she moves from her natal home to another house, issues of affiliation and lineage are felt across the mother’s family, the father’s family, and the husband’s family.