Shloka 21

Udyoga Parva, Adhyāya 72 — Bhīmasena’s counsel on conciliation and Duryodhana’s disposition

Devanagari script

एताश्षान्याश्न॒ परुषा वाच: स समुदीरयन्‌ । श्लाघते ज्ञातिमध्ये सम त्वयि प्रव्रजिते वनम्‌

Transliteration

etāś cānyāś ca paruṣā vācaḥ sa samudīrayan | ślāghate jñātimadhye sam tvayi pravrajite vanam ||

Translation

Indem er diese—und viele weitere—harten Worte ausstieß, pries er inmitten der Verwandten unablässig seine eigene Größe, selbst zu der Zeit, als du als Verbannter in den Wald aufbrachst. Die Bemerkung hebt die sittliche Hässlichkeit von Hochmut und Grausamkeit hervor, die öffentlich gegen einen bereits Leidenden zur Schau gestellt werden, und fasst Yudhiṣṭhiras Klage als Verletzung des Verwandtschafts-Dharma und der grundlegendsten Anständigkeit.

Word by Word

• एताः: these
• एताः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

• अन्याः: other
• अन्याः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• परुषाः: harsh
• परुषाः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परुष
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

• वाचः: words/speeches
• वाचः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच्
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• समुदीरयन्: uttering, speaking forth
• समुदीरयन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-उद्-ईर्
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• श्लाघते: boasts, praises himself
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्लाघ्
• Form: Lat (present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular

• ज्ञाति-मध्ये: in the midst of kinsmen
• ज्ञाति-मध्ये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञाति + मध्य
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• समम्: equally; in the same way
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम

• त्वयि: when/while you (were)
• त्वयि: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Locative, Singular

• प्रव्रजिते: having departed (as an exile); when (you) had gone forth
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-√व्रज्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Locative, Singular

• वनम्: to the forest
• वनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

युधिछिर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yudhiṣṭhira
• the unnamed boaster (contextually a Kaurava, typically Duryodhana)
• kinsmen/relatives (jñāti)
• forest (vana)