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Shloka 21

Saṃjaya’s Warning to Dhṛtarāṣṭra: Accountability, Alliance-Shift, and the Pāṇḍava Strategic Edge

तव पुत्रो महाराज नानुशोचितुमहसि । द्यूतकाले मया चोक्त विदुरेण च धीमता

tava putro mahārāja nānuśocitum arhasi | dyūtakāle mayā coktaṃ vidureṇa ca dhīmatā ||

Sañjaya sprach: „O großer König, du sollst nicht um deinen Sohn trauern. Zur Zeit des Würfelspiels haben sowohl ich als auch der weise Vidura dir dasselbe gesagt: Zügle mit allen Mitteln deinen sündigen Sohn Duryodhana—der die Pāṇḍavas seit langem durch feindseliges Verhalten quält und sie auch jetzt noch hasst—samt seinen Gefährten. Falle nicht immer wieder in diese Trauer.“

तवof you/your
तव:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनुशोचितुम्to lament/weep over
अनुशोचितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-शुच्
FormInfinitive (tumun)
अर्हसिyou ought/are fit
अर्हसि:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
द्यूतकालेat the time of the dice-game
द्यूतकाले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्यूतकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उक्तम्said/spoken
उक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPast passive participle (kta), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
विदुरेणby Vidura
विदुरेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविदुर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
धीमताby the wise (one)
धीमता:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootधीमत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
V
Vidura
D
Duryodhana
P
Pāṇḍavas
D
dice-game (dyūta)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must not indulge blind attachment and repetitive grief; he must act responsibly by restraining wrongdoing—especially when wise counsel has already warned of the consequences.

Sañjaya addresses Dhṛtarāṣṭra, reminding him that during the dice-game both he and Vidura had advised the king to control Duryodhana. He urges Dhṛtarāṣṭra to stop lamenting and instead curb Duryodhana’s hostile conduct toward the Pāṇḍavas.