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Shloka 22

अध्याय ३९: विदुरेण धृतराष्ट्राय नीत्युपदेशः

Timely Counsel, Association, and Kin-Duty

कामक्रोधग्राहवतीं पजड्चेन्द्रियजलां नदीम्‌ । नावं धृतिमयीं कृत्वा जन्मदुर्गाणि संतर,काम-क्रोधादिरूप ग्राहसे भरी, पाँच इन्द्रियोंके जलसे पूर्ण इस संसारनदीके जन्म- मरणरूप दुर्गम प्रवाहको धैर्यकी नौका बनाकर पार कीजिये

kāmakrodhagrāhavatīṁ pañcendriyajalāṁ nadīm | nāvaṁ dhṛtimayīṁ kṛtvā janmadurgāṇi santara ||

Vidura sagte: „Dieser Strom der Welt ist von den Krokodilen der Begierde und des Zorns wimmelnd, und er schwillt an durch die Wasser der fünf Sinne. Mache Standhaftigkeit zu deinem Boot und setze über die gefährlichen Engpässe wiederholter Geburt (und Tod) hinweg.“

कामdesire
काम:
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्रोधanger
क्रोध:
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ग्राहcrocodile; grasping creature
ग्राह:
TypeNoun
Rootग्राह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वतीम्possessing (having)
वतीम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवत् (मतुप्-प्रत्ययान्त: वत्/वती)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपञ्च
इन्द्रियof the senses
इन्द्रिय:
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
जलाम्having water; watery
जलाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootजल
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
नदीम्river
नदीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनदी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
नावम्boat
नावम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनौ
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
धृतिsteadfastness; fortitude
धृति:
TypeNoun
Rootधृति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
मयीम्consisting of; made of
मयीम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमय (मयट्-प्रत्ययान्त: मय/मयी)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
कृत्वाhaving made
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
जन्मbirths
जन्म:
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
दुर्गाणिdifficult passages; hard-to-cross places
दुर्गाणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्ग
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
संतरcross over
संतर:
TypeVerb
Rootसंतॄ (सम्+तॄ)
FormLot (imperative), Second, Singular, Active

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
kāma (desire)
K
krodha (anger)
P
pañcendriya (five senses)
S
saṁsāra-nadī (river of worldly existence)
D
dhṛti (steadfastness) as a boat

Educational Q&A

Worldly life is dangerous because desire and anger ‘devour’ discernment, and the senses keep the mind turbulent. The remedy is dhṛti—steady resolve and self-restraint—by which one can cross the hardships of repeated birth and death.

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura is giving moral counsel (Vidura-nīti) to guide right conduct amid rising conflict. Here he uses a vivid metaphor: saṁsāra is a river, passions are crocodiles, the senses are its waters, and steadfastness is the boat needed to cross.