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Shloka 31

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय 33: धृतराष्ट्र-विदुर संवादः (विदुरनीतिः)

धर्मेण राज्यं विन्देत धर्मेण परिपालयेत्‌ । धर्ममूलां श्रियं प्राप्प न जहाति न हीयते,धर्मसे ही राज्य प्राप्त करे और धर्मसे ही उसकी रक्षा करे; क्‍योंकि धर्ममूलक राज्यलक्ष्मीको पाकर न तो राजा उसे छोड़ता है और न वही राजाको छोड़ती है

dharmeṇa rājyaṃ vindeta dharmeṇa paripālayet | dharmamūlāṃ śriyaṃ prāpya na jahāti na hīyate ||

Vidura lehrt: Ein König soll die Herrschaft durch Dharma (Rechtschaffenheit) erlangen und sie durch Dharma bewahren. Denn wenn Wohlstand und königliches Glück im Dharma wurzeln, verlässt der Herrscher dieses Glück nicht, und es verlässt ihn nicht; Macht, die durch Gerechtigkeit gesichert ist, währt, während anders gewonnene Macht wankend ist.

धर्मेणby/through dharma (righteousness)
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
राज्यम्kingdom, sovereignty
राज्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विन्देतshould obtain/find
विन्देत:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (विन्दति)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मेणby dharma
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
परिपालयेत्should protect/maintain
परिपालयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + पाल्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्ममूलाम्having dharma as its root
धर्ममूलाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्ममूला
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
श्रियम्prosperity, royal fortune (Lakshmi)
श्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्री
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्राप्यhaving obtained
प्राप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + आप्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जहातिabandons, gives up
जहाति:
TypeVerb
Rootहा (जहाति)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हीयतेis diminished/declines; is lost
हीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootहा (हीयते)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada (Passive sense)

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
D
Dharma
Ś
Śrī (royal fortune/prosperity)
R
Rājya (kingdom/sovereignty)
R
Rājā (king)

Educational Q&A

Legitimate rule must be both acquired and maintained through dharma. Prosperity that rests on righteousness remains steady; it neither deserts the ruler nor is discarded by him, implying that moral foundations are the true source of political stability.

In the Udyoga Parva’s counsel-filled setting before the great war, Vidura addresses the Kuru court and advises the ruler on rajadharma—how to gain and preserve sovereignty—warning implicitly against power sought through adharma, which leads to loss and ruin.