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Shloka 18

अध्याय २९ — वासुदेव–संजय संवादः

Karma, Varṇa-Dharma, and the Ethics of Governance

भ्राता कनीयानपि तस्य मन्द- स्तथाशील: संजय सो<पि शश्चवत्‌ | महेष्वास: शूरतम: कुरूणां दुःशासन: कुशलं तात वाच्य:

bhrātā kanīyān api tasya mandaḥ tathāśīlaḥ saṃjaya so 'pi śaśvat | maheṣvāsaḥ śūratamaḥ kurūṇāṃ duḥśāsanaḥ kuśalaṃ tāta vācyaḥ ||

Lieber Sañjaya! Überbringe auch meinen Gruß und erkundige dich nach dem Wohlergehen Duḥśāsanas — Duryodhanas jüngeren Bruders, von gleicher stumpfer Art und gleicher Gewohnheit. Obgleich er stets zum Unrecht neigt, ist er unter den Kurus als großer Bogenschütze und hervorragender Kämpfer berühmt. Frage nach seinem Befinden und richte ihm meine Botschaft aus, dass es mir wohl ergeht.

भ्राताbrother
भ्राता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कनीयान्younger
कनीयान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकनीयस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
तस्यof him
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
मन्दःdull/foolish
मन्दः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमन्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
शीलःof such a disposition/character
शीलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संजयO Sanjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
शश्वत्always/constantly
शश्वत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशश्वत्
महेष्वासःgreat bowman
महेष्वासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहा-इष्वास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूरतमःbravest
शूरतमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशूरतम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुरूणाम्of the Kurus
कुरूणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
दुःशासनःDuhshasana
दुःशासनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःशासन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुशलम्welfare/well-being
कुशलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुशल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तातdear one/son (term of address)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वाच्यःis to be spoken/should be said
वाच्यः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPassive (gerundive), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana
D
Duḥśāsana
K
Kurus

Educational Q&A

Even while condemning wrongdoing, Yudhiṣṭhira maintains civility and a dharmic restraint: he acknowledges Duḥśāsana’s faults yet still extends formal welfare and respect, modeling ethical speech and self-control amid hostility.

In the Udyoga Parva’s pre-war negotiations, Yudhiṣṭhira instructs Sañjaya to convey greetings and inquire after the welfare of Kaurava figures, including Duḥśāsana, describing him as Duryodhana’s younger brother—foolish and habitually sinful—yet renowned as a great archer and warrior among the Kurus.