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Shloka 53

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 28: Dharmādharmalakṣaṇa in Āpad

Crisis-Discernment of Right and Wrong

दुर्योधन क्रोधमय विशाल वृक्षके समान है

duryodhano krodhamayo mahādrumaḥ karṇaḥ skandhaḥ śakuniḥ śākhā duḥśāsanaḥ samṛddha-phala-puṣpaḥ | ajñāno rājā dhṛtarāṣṭra eva mūlaṃ || yudhiṣṭhiro dharmamayo mahādrumaḥ skandho 'rjuno bhīmasenasya śākhāḥ | mādrīputrau puṣphaphale samṛddhe mūlaṃ tv ahaṃ brahma ca brāhmaṇāś ca ||

Vāyu sprach: „Duryodhana gleicht einem gewaltigen Baum, aus Zorn gewachsen; Karṇa ist sein Stamm, Śakuni sein Ast, und Duḥśāsana sind seine üppigen Blüten und Früchte. Der unwissende König Dhṛtarāṣṭra ist seine eigentliche Wurzel. Yudhiṣṭhira aber ist ein großer Baum, aus Dharma gebildet; Arjuna ist sein Stamm, Bhīmasena seine Äste, und Mādrīs Söhne (Nakula und Sahadeva) sind seine reichen Blüten und Früchte. Die Wurzel dieses Baumes bin ich (Vāyu), zusammen mit dem Veda, Brahman und den Brāhmaṇas.“

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्ममयःfull of dharma, righteous
धर्ममयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्ममय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाद्रुमःgreat tree
महाद्रुमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहाद्रुम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्कन्धःtrunk (main stem)
स्कन्धः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्कन्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भीमसेनःBhīmasena
भीमसेनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीमसेन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्यof this (tree)
अस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
शाखाःbranches
शाखाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशाखा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
माद्रीपुत्रौthe two sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva)
माद्रीपुत्रौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमाद्रीपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
पुष्पफलेflowers and fruits
पुष्पफले:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुष्पफल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Dual
समृद्धेabundant, rich
समृद्धे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसमृद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Dual
मूलम्root
मूलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तुbut, indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
ब्रह्मthe Veda / sacred knowledge
ब्रह्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva
D
Duryodhana
K
Karṇa
Ś
Śakuni
D
Duḥśāsana
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
A
Arjuna
B
Bhīmasena
N
Nakula
S
Sahadeva
M
Mādrī
V
Veda
B
Brahman
B
Brāhmaṇas

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts two moral lineages through a tree-metaphor: one rooted in ignorance and anger (leading to destructive outcomes), and the other rooted in dharma and Vedic order (supporting righteous strength and flourishing). It implies that a ruler’s inner disposition and foundational counsel determine the ‘fruit’ borne by his house.

Vāyudeva speaks in Udyoga Parva while moral and political tensions are escalating toward war. He characterizes the Kaurava faction as a wrath-driven structure sustained by Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s blindness/ignorance, and the Pāṇḍavas as a dharma-driven structure supported by sacred authority (Veda, Brahman, Brāhmaṇas), highlighting why their causes diverge ethically.