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Shloka 2

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 126 — Kṛṣṇa’s Indictment of Misrule and the Varuṇa Analogy (कृष्णवाक्यं–धर्मपाशदृष्टान्तः)

वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं--जनमेजय! कौरवसभामें यह अप्रिय वचन सुनकर दुर्योधनने यशस्वी महाबाहु वसुदेवनन्दन श्रीकृष्णको इस प्रकार उत्तर दिया-- ।।

Vaiśampāyana uvāca—Janamejaya! Kauravasabhāyāṃ tad apriyaṃ vacanaṃ śrutvā Duryodhanaḥ yaśasvinaṃ mahābāhuṃ Vasudevanandanaṃ Śrīkṛṣṇaṃ praty evaṃ pratyuvāca— “prasamyak kṣya bhavān etad vaktum arhati Keśava; mām eva hi viśeṣeṇa vibhāṣya parigarhase.”

Vaiśampāyana sprach: „O Janamejaya, als jene unerfreuliche Rede im Hof der Kauravas vernommen wurde, erwiderte Duryodhana dem ruhmreichen, starkarmigen Śrī Kṛṣṇa, dem Sohn Vasudevas, wie folgt: ‚Keśava, solche Worte solltest du erst nach reiflicher Überlegung sprechen. Denn du greifst gerade mich besonders heraus—du redest von mir, um mich zu tadeln und zu verurteilen.‘“

प्रसमीconsider well / reflect
प्रसमी:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-सम् (धातु)
Formलोट्, परस्मैपद, मध्यम, एकवचन
क्ष्यdwell/abide (here: be attentive/settle your mind)
क्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootक्षि (धातु)
Formलोट्, परस्मैपद, मध्यम, एकवचन
भवान्you (honorific)
भवान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभवत्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
वक्तुम्to speak
वक्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
अर्हतिis fit / deserves
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह् (धातु)
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथम, एकवचन
केशवO Keshava
केशव:
TypeNoun
Rootकेशव
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formद्वितीया, एकवचन
एवindeed / only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हिfor / indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
विशेषेणespecially / in particular
विशेषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविशेष
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
विभाष्यhaving spoken (about) / addressing
विभाष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-भाष् (धातु)
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund)
परिगर्हसेyou censure / you blame
परिगर्हसे:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-गर्ह् (धातु)
Formलट्, आत्मनेपद, मध्यम, एकवचन

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
J
Janamejaya
K
Kaurava assembly (Kauravasabhā)
D
Duryodhana
Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
V
Vasudeva
K
Keśava

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights ethical speech and accountability: counsel should be given with deliberation, yet the one at fault often experiences truthful admonition as ‘blame.’ Duryodhana’s reaction shows how pride resists moral critique by reframing it as personal attack.

In the Kaurava court, after Kṛṣṇa has spoken words that Duryodhana finds unpleasant, Duryodhana responds defensively, telling Kṛṣṇa to speak only after proper consideration and accusing him of targeting Duryodhana specifically with reproach.