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Shloka 20

Gāndhārī’s Lament and the Identification of Duḥśāsana (स्त्रीपर्व, अध्याय १८)

गदया भीमसेनेन पश्य माधव मे सुतम्‌ । द्यूतक्‍्लेशाननुस्मृत्य द्रौपदीनोदितेन च,माधव! देखो, द्यूतक्रीडाके समय पाये हुए क्लेशोंको स्मरण करके द्रौपदीसे प्रेरित हुए भीमसेनने मेरे इस पुत्रको गदासे मार डाला है

gadayā bhīmasenena paśya mādhava me sutam | dyūtakleśān anusmṛtya draupadīnoditena ca ||

Vaiśampāyana sprach: «Sieh, o Mādhava, meinen Sohn! Bhīmasena hat ihn mit der Keule niedergestreckt, angetrieben von Draupadī und von der Erinnerung an die Demütigungen und Leiden des Würfelspiels. Dieses Töten ist nicht bloß Schlachtfeldgewalt, sondern das moralische Nachbeben des adharma: eine Tat, genährt von erinnerter Ungerechtigkeit und dem Gelübde der Vergeltung.»

गदयाwith a mace
गदया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगदा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
भीमसेनेनby Bhimasena
भीमसेनेन:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीमसेन
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पश्यsee!
पश्य:
TypeVerb
Root√पश्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
माधवO Madhava
माधव:
TypeNoun
Rootमाधव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मेmy
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
सुतम्son
सुतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
द्यूतgambling
द्यूत:
TypeNoun
Rootद्यूत
FormNeuter, Stem (compound member)
क्लेशान्afflictions, sufferings
क्लेशान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्लेश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अनुस्मृत्यhaving remembered
अनुस्मृत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-√स्मृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active
द्रौपदीby Draupadi
द्रौपदी:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्रौपदी
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
नोदितेनurged, impelled
नोदितेन:
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-√उद्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
M
Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa)
B
Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
D
Draupadī
M
my son (likely Duryodhana, as addressed by Dhṛtarāṣṭra in context)
G
gadā (mace)
D
dyūta (dice-game)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how remembered injustice (the dyūta humiliation) can fuel retaliatory violence, showing the long moral shadow of adharma: wrongdoing does not end with the act, but ripens into further suffering and ethically fraught retribution.

Vaiśampāyana reports to the listener that Bhīmasena has killed the speaker’s son with a mace, acting under Draupadī’s urging and recalling the torments of the dice-game—linking the battlefield death directly to the earlier episode of humiliation.