Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 23

Yuddha-yajña-vyākhyāna (The Battle as Sacrifice): Ambarīṣa–Indra Saṃvāda

सामानि सामगास्तस्य गायन्ति यमसादने । हविर्धान॑ तु तस्याहुः परेषां वाहिनीमुखम्‌,सेनाके मुहानेपर जो “काट डालो', फाड़ डालो' आदिका भयंकर शब्द सुना जाता है, वही सामगान है। सैनिकरूपी सामगायक शत्रुओंको यमलोकमें भेजनेके लिये मानो सामगान करते हैं। शत्रुओंकी सेनाका प्रमुख भाग उस वीर यजमानके लिये हविर्धान (हविष्य रखनेका पात्र) बताया गया है

sāmāni sāmagās tasya gāyanti yamasādane | havirdhānaṁ tu tasyāhuḥ pareṣāṁ vāhinīmukham ||

Ambarīṣa sprach: „In seinem Fall werden die ‘Sāman’-Gesänge in Yamas eigener Wohnstatt angestimmt—das heißt: Auf dem Schlachtfeld wirken die schrecklichen Rufe ‘Haut sie nieder!’ und ‘Reißt sie in Stücke!’ wie eine düstere Liturgie. Jene Soldaten, als wären sie Sāman-Sänger, scheinen nur zu ‘singen’, um die Feinde in das Reich des Todes zu senden. Und die vorderste Abteilung—der eigentliche ‘Mund’ des gegnerischen Heeres—wird für diesen heroischen Opferherrn als havirdhāna bezeichnet, als das Gefäß, in das die Opfergabe gelegt wird.“

सामानिSāman-chants (hymns)
सामानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसामन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
सामगाःSāman-singers
सामगाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसामग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तस्यof him / his
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
गायन्तिthey sing
गायन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootगै (गायति)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural
यमसादनेin Yama's abode
यमसादने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयमसादन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
हविर्धानम्the havirdhāna (oblation-receptacle/store)
हविर्धानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहविर्धान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तुbut / indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
तस्यof him / for him
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
आहुःthey call / they say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (आह)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), present sense, 3rd, Plural
परेषाम्of the enemies / of others
परेषाम्:
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
वाहिनीमुखम्the front/forepart of the army
वाहिनीमुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाहिनीमुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

अम्बरीष उवाच

A
Ambarīṣa
Y
Yama
Y
Yamasādana (realm/abode of Yama)
S
Sāman (Sāmaveda chant)
H
Havirdhāna (offering-vessel/receptacle)
V
Vāhinīmukha (front/leading part of an army)

Educational Q&A

The verse uses Vedic-sacrificial imagery to interpret warfare: the battlefield’s violent commands become a dark ‘Sāman’ chant, and the enemy’s vanguard becomes the ‘havirdhāna’ (offering-vessel). Ethically, it highlights how kṣatriya action can be framed as a ritualized duty, while also underscoring the grim proximity of war to death.

Ambarīṣa describes a heroic warrior (implicitly the subject under discussion) through an extended metaphor: soldiers are likened to Sāmaveda chanters, the cries of battle to sacred song, and the enemy army’s leading formation to the container that receives an offering—suggesting that enemies are being ‘offered’ to Yama through combat.