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Shloka 19

Kośārtha-Rājadharma: Ethical Revenue Collection and Social Regulation (कोशार्थ-राजधर्मः)

भोक्ता तस्य तु पापस्थ सुकृतस्य यथा तथा । नियन्तव्या: सदा राज्ञा पापा ये स्युर्नराधिप,नरेश्वर! राजा जैसे प्रजाके पापका चतुर्थाश भोगता है उसी प्रकार पुण्यका भी चतुर्थाश उसे प्राप्त होता है; अत: राजाको चाहिये कि वह सदा पापियोंको दण्ड देकर उन्हें दबाये रखे

bhoktā tasya tu pāpastha sukṛtasya yathā tathā | niyantavyāḥ sadā rājñā pāpā ye syur narādhipa || nareśvara |

Bhishma sprach: „O König, wie der Herrscher an einem Teil der Sünden Anteil hat, die in seinem Reich begangen werden, so empfängt er auch einen entsprechenden Teil des dort erworbenen Verdienstes. Darum, o Herr der Menschen, muss der König stets jene zügeln und bestrafen, die sich dem Unrecht zuwenden, und sie unter Kontrolle halten — denn die moralische Last des Reiches berührt unweigerlich den Thron.“

भोक्ताenjoyer/partaker
भोक्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभोक्तृ (भुज् धातु-निष्पन्न कर्तृवाचक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof him/of that (king)
तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पापस्थO sinful one / O one standing in sin
पापस्थ:
TypeAdjective
Rootपापस्थ (पाप + स्थ)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सुकृतस्यof merit/virtue
सुकृतस्य:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुकृत (सु + कृत)
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
तथाso/in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
नियन्तव्याःto be restrained/controlled
नियन्तव्याः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनि-यम् (धातु) → नियन्तव्य (तव्यत्-कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पापाःsinful (people)
पापाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपाप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येwho/which
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्युःmight be/should be
स्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Plural
नराधिपO lord of men (king)
नराधिप:
TypeNoun
Rootनराधिप (नर + अधिप)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नरेश्वरO ruler of men
नरेश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेश्वर (नर + ईश्वर)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्य उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (narādhipa/nareśvara)

Educational Q&A

A king is morally implicated in the conduct of his realm: he shares in a portion of both sin and merit generated under his rule. Therefore, he must actively restrain and punish wrongdoing to protect dharma and to avoid accruing the kingdom’s moral fault.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma is advising the king on governance after the war. Here he emphasizes the ruler’s responsibility to maintain order and righteousness, warning that the king partakes in the karmic consequences of his subjects’ actions.