Shloka 22
दुर्ग-निवेश-राजधर्मः | Fortified Capital and the King’s Residential Polity
Rājadharma
Devanagari script
ततस्तेषां विधातव्यं सर्वमेवाप्रमादत: । भक्तान् पूजयता नित्यं द्विषतश्न निगृह्लता
Translation
Bhishma sprach: „Sind ihre Regungen erkannt, so ist alles zur Abwehr mit größter Sorgfalt, ohne Nachlässigkeit, zu veranlassen. Der König soll die Getreuen stets ehren und jene, die Hass hegen, in Gewahrsam halten.“
Word by Word
ततःthereafter, then
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
तेषाम्of them / for them
तेषाम्:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
विधातव्यम्is to be done / should be arranged
विधातव्यम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootवि-धा (धातु) → विधातव्य (तव्यत्)
Formतव्यत्, Passive necessity (gerundive), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
सर्वम्all
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अप्रमादतःwith vigilance / without negligence
अप्रमादतः:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअप्रमाद (प्रातिपदिक) → अप्रमादतस् (अव्ययीभाव-प्रयोगः)
भक्तान्devoted ones, loyal followers
भक्तान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभक्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पूजयताby (one) honoring / while honoring
पूजयता:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootपूज् (धातु) → पूजयत् (शतृ) → पूजयता
Formशतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त), Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
नित्यम्always, constantly
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
द्विषतःthose who hate / enemies
द्विषतः:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootद्विष् (धातु) → द्विषत् (शतृ) → द्विषतः
Formशतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त), Masculine/Neuter, Accusative, Plural
निगृह्णताby restraining / while restraining
निगृह्णता:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootनि-ग्रह् (धातु) → निगृह्णत् (शतृ) → निगृह्णता
Formशतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त), Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes