Shloka 15

न ब्रह्मचारी चरणादपेतो यदा ब्रद्द॒ ब्रह्मणि त्राणमिच्छेत्‌ । आश्षूर्यतो वर्षति तत्र देव- स्तत्राभीक्ष्णं दुःसहाश्चाविशन्ति,जहाँ ब्रह्मचारी ब्राह्मण लुटेरोंके उपद्रवसे विवश हो वेदकी शाखाके स्वाध्यायसे वज्चित होता है और उसके लिये अपनी रक्षा चाहता है, वहाँ इन्द्रदेव यदि पानी बरसावें तो आश्चर्यकी ही बात है (वहाँ प्राय: वर्षा नहीं होती है) तथा महामारी और दुर्भिक्ष आदि दु:ःसह उपद्रव आ पहुँचते हैं

na brahmacārī caraṇād apeto yadā brāhmaṇo brahmaṇi trāṇam icchet | āścaryato varṣati tatra devas tatrābhīkṣṇaṁ duḥsahāś cāviśanti ||

Kaśyapa sprach: „Wenn ein Brahmacārin, von seinem rechten Weg abgedrängt, durch die Bedrängnis von Räubern gezwungen wird, das Studium seines vedischen Zweiges aufzugeben, und um des Brahman (des heiligen Wissens) willen Schutz sucht, dann wäre es ein Wunder, wenn der Gott Indra dort Regen sendete. An einem solchen Ort dringen immer wieder schwer erträgliche Heimsuchungen ein—wie Seuche und Hungersnot.“

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्रह्मचारीa brahmacārin (celibate student)
ब्रह्मचारी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचारिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चरणात्from (his) conduct/observance
चरणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootचरण
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अपेतःdeparted, fallen away
अपेतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअपि-इ (अप + इ) → अपेत (ppp)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
ब्रह्मणिin the Veda/sacred knowledge
ब्रह्मणि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
त्राणम्protection, rescue
त्राणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्राण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इच्छेत्should desire
इच्छेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
आश्चर्यम्a wonder, a surprising thing
आश्चर्यम्:
TypeNoun
Rootआश्चर्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यतःwhere/from which place
यतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयतः
वर्षतिrains
वर्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootवृष्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
देवःthe god (Indra)
देवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
अभीक्ष्णम्repeatedly, continually
अभीक्ष्णम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभीक्ष्णम्
दुःसहाःhard-to-bear, unbearable
दुःसहाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःसह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आविशन्तिenter, befall, come upon
आविशन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-विश्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

कश्यप उवाच

कश्यप (Kāśyapa)
ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārin)
ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa)
इन्द्र/देव (Indra as rain-god, implied)

Educational Q&A

When society fails to protect disciplined students and sacred learning from violence and predation, the moral order is damaged; nature and public welfare also decline, manifesting as drought, famine, and disease. The verse links protection of dharma (especially Vedic study and brahmacarya) with collective prosperity.

Kāśyapa describes a condition of social breakdown: robbers oppress a brahmacārin/brāhmaṇa so that he cannot continue his Vedic svādhyāya and must seek protection. Kāśyapa then states that rainfall there would be surprising, because such places are typically struck by repeated, unbearable afflictions like pestilence and famine.