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Shloka 20

अध्याय ७२ — राजधर्मः: प्रजारक्षण, कर-नीति, दण्ड-नीति, अमात्य-नियोजन

Chapter 72 — Royal Duty: protection of subjects, taxation, punishment, and appointments

मालाकारोपमो राजन्‌ भव मा<5<ड्रारिकोपम: । तथायुक्तश्रिरं राज्यं भोक्त शक्ष्यसि पालयन्‌

mālākāropamo rājan bhava māṇḍrārikopamaḥ | tathāyuktaśrīraṁ rājyaṁ bhoktuṁ śakṣyasi pālayan, yudhiṣṭhira ||

Bhīṣma sprach: „O König, sei wie ein Gärtner, nicht wie ein Köhler. Der Gärtner nährt die Wurzeln und schützt den Baum, und erst dann genießt er Blüten und Früchte; der Köhler aber vernichtet den Baum von der Wurzel an. Ebenso wirst du, wenn du das Reich erhältst und bewahrst und eifrig auf das Wohl des Volkes bedacht bist, lange die Wohlfahrt der Herrschaft genießen können, o Yudhiṣṭhira.“

मालाकारोपमःlike a gardener
मालाकारोपमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमालाकार-उपम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
भवbe (become)
भव:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
अङ्गारिकोपमःlike a charcoal-burner
अङ्गारिकोपमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअङ्गारिक-उपम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
युक्तश्रीःendowed with proper prosperity/splendor
युक्तश्रीः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्त-श्री
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राज्यम्kingdom
राज्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भोक्तुम्to enjoy
भोक्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormTumun (infinitive)
शक्ष्यसिyou will be able
शक्ष्यसि:
TypeVerb
Rootशक्
FormFuture, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
पालयन्while protecting, protecting
पालयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपाल्
FormShatr (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhishthira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
king (rājan)
G
gardener (mālākāra)
C
charcoal-maker (māṇḍrārika)
K
kingdom (rājya)

Educational Q&A

A ruler should govern like a gardener—nourishing and protecting the roots of the realm (the people and institutions) and taking only rightful benefit—rather than like a charcoal-maker who gains by destroying the very source of prosperity.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma counsels King Yudhiṣṭhira using a vivid metaphor: sustainable, protective rule yields long-lasting prosperity, whereas exploitative rule ruins the kingdom.