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Shloka 2

राज्ञो वृत्त-गुण-संग्रहः (Conduct and the Thirty-Six Virtues of a King) / The King’s Code of Conduct

भीष्म उवाच अयं गुणानां षट्त्रिंशत्षट्त्रिंशद्गुणसंयुत: । यान्‌ गुणांस्तु गुणोपेत: कुर्वन्‌ गुणमवाप्रुयात्‌,भीष्मजीने कहा--राजन्‌! दया और उदारता आदि गुणोंसे युक्त राजा जिन गुणोंको आचरणमें लाकर उत्कर्ष लाभ कर सकता है, वे छत्तीस प्रकारके गुण हैं। राजाको चाहिये कि वह इन छत्तीस गुणोंसे सम्पन्न होनेकी चेष्टा करे

bhīṣma uvāca | ayaṁ guṇānāṁ ṣaṭtriṁśat-ṣaṭtriṁśad-guṇa-saṁyutaḥ | yān guṇāṁs tu guṇopetaḥ kurvan guṇam avāpnuyāt |

Bhishma sprach: O König, dies sind die sechsunddreißig Tugenden — sechsunddreißig Eigenschaften, mit denen man ausgestattet sein soll. Ein Herrscher, der selbst tugendhaft ist und diese Tugenden in die Tat umsetzt, erlangt durch sie Vortrefflichkeit und wahren Verdienst.

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुणानाम्of qualities
गुणानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
षट्त्रिंशत्thirty-six
षट्त्रिंशत्:
Karta
TypeNumeral
Rootषट्त्रिंशत्
FormCommon, Nominative, Singular
षट्त्रिंशद्गुणसंयुतःendowed with thirty-six qualities
षट्त्रिंशद्गुणसंयुतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणसंयुत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यान्which (qualities)
यान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गुणान्qualities
गुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तुindeed/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
गुणोपेतःpossessed of qualities
गुणोपेतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणोपेत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुर्वन्doing/practising
कुर्वन्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent participle (शतृ), Parasmaipada, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
गुणम्excellence/merit
गुणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अवाप्नुयात्may attain/obtain
अवाप्नुयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअवाप्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (Rajān; addressed interlocutor)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma frames ideal kingship as the disciplined practice of a defined set of virtues (thirty-six). Merit and excellence in rule are not accidental but arise from consciously embodying and enacting these qualities.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance and dharma, Bhishma addresses the king and introduces a structured list of royal virtues, stating that a ruler should strive to be endowed with and to practice these thirty-six qualities.