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Shloka 33

राजा-दैवतत्वम् — The King as a Stabilizing ‘Daivata’ (Divine Function) in Social Order

तदनन्तर वर्षा करनेवाले मेघके समान मनु पापा-चारियोंको शान्त करते और उन्हें अपने वर्णाश्रमोचित कर्मोमें लगाते हुए भूमण्डलपर चारों ओर घूमने लगे ।। एवं ये भूतिमिच्छेयु: पृथिव्यां मानवा: क्वचित्‌ । कुर्यू राजानमेवाग्रे प्रजानुग्रहकारणात्‌,इस प्रकार जो मनुष्य वैभव-वृद्धिकी कामना रखते हों, उन्हें सबसे पहले इस भूमण्डलमें प्रजाजनोंपर अनुग्रह करनेके लिये कोई राजा अवश्य बना लेना चाहिये

tadanantaraṃ varṣā-karaṇavāle meghake samāna manuḥ pāpācārīṇo śāntaṃ kurvan tān sva-varṇāśramocita-karmasu niyojayan bhūmaṇḍale caturdiśaṃ paryaṭitum ārabdhaḥ || evaṃ ye bhūtim iccheyuḥ pṛthivyāṃ mānavāḥ kvacit | kuryur rājānam evāgre prajānugraha-kāraṇāt ||

Bhishma sprach: Danach zog Manu—wie eine regenbringende Wolke—über den ganzen Erdkreis in alle Richtungen, besänftigte jene, die in sündhaftem Wandel lebten, und stellte sie in die Pflichten, die ihrer Varna und ihrem Āśrama entsprechen. Darum sollen die Menschen, wo immer auf Erden sie Wohlstand und Mehrung des Wohlergehens begehren, zuerst einen König einsetzen, damit er den Untertanen Gunst erweise und ihr Wohl sichere.

एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भूतिम्prosperity, welfare
भूतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
इच्छेयुःwould desire
इच्छेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
पृथिव्याम्on the earth
पृथिव्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
मानवाःmen, humans
मानवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्वचित्anywhere, at any time
क्वचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्वचित्
कुर्युःshould make, should appoint
कुर्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
राजानम्a king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अग्रेfirst, in the beginning
अग्रे:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअग्र
प्रजा-अनुग्रह-कारणात्for the reason of favoring the subjects
प्रजा-अनुग्रह-कारणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
Manu
B
bhūmaṇḍala (the earth)
R
rājā (king)
P
prajā (subjects/people)
V
varṇāśrama (social and life-stage order)

Educational Q&A

Prosperity and social well-being depend on establishing righteous kingship: a king is to restrain wrongdoing, restore people to their proper duties, and act for the protection and benefit of the subjects.

Bhishma describes Manu touring the earth like a life-giving cloud, calming sinful people and directing them toward varna- and ashrama-appropriate duties; he then generalizes that those seeking prosperity should first appoint a king to ensure the people’s welfare.