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Shloka 10

राजा-दैवतत्वम् — The King as a Stabilizing ‘Daivata’ (Divine Function) in Social Order

यदतप्तं प्रणमते नैतत्‌ संतापमर्हति । यत्‌ स्वयं नमते दारु न तत्‌ संनामयन्त्यपि,जो राष्ट्र बिना कष्ट पाये ही नतमस्तक हो जाता है, वह अधिक संतापका भागी नहीं होता। जो लकड़ी स्वयं ही झुक जाती है, उसे लोग झुकानेका प्रयत्न नहीं करते हैं

yad-ataptaṁ praṇamate na etat santāpam arhati | yat svayaṁ namate dāru na tat saṁnāmayanty api ||

Bhishma sprach: „Wer sich beugt, ohne von Not verbrannt worden zu sein, verdient dadurch keinen weiteren Schmerz. Und wie Holz, das sich von selbst biegt, nicht noch hinabgezwungen wird, so wird auch der, der freiwillig Demut und Unterordnung annimmt, im Allgemeinen nicht zusätzlichem Zwang ausgesetzt.“

यत्that which
यत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
अतप्तम्unheated; not made to suffer (austerity/heat)
अतप्तम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतप् (धातु) → तप्त (कृदन्त); नञ्-समास/उपसर्ग: अ-
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
प्रणमतेbows down; submits
प्रणमते:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-नम्
Formpresent, 3rd, singular, ātmanepada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
संतापम्distress; torment; suffering
संतापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंताप
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
अर्हतिdeserves; is fit for
अर्हति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
Formpresent, 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
यत्that which
यत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
स्वयम्of itself; by itself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
नमतेbends; bows
नमते:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootनम्
Formpresent, 3rd, singular, ātmanepada
दारुwood; a piece of wood
दारु:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदारु
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
संनामयन्तिthey make (it) bend; they bend (it)
संनामयन्ति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-नम् (णिच्)
Formpresent, 3rd, plural, parasmaipada
अपिeven; also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
W
wood (dāru)

Educational Q&A

Voluntary humility prevents escalation: one who bows of their own accord, without being compelled by suffering, is less likely to face further harsh treatment—like naturally bending wood that needs no forcing.

In Shanti Parva, Bhishma instructs on dharma and practical ethics. Here he uses a simple analogy (wood that bends on its own) to advise that willing submission and modesty can avert additional pressure and pain in social and political life.