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Shloka 3

Cāturāśramya-dharma—Marks of the Four Āśramas (चातुराश्रम्यधर्मः)

त्यागं श्रेष्ठ मुन॒यो वै वदन्ति सर्वश्रेष्ठ यच्छरीरं त्यजन्त: । नित्यं युक्ता राजधर्मेषु सर्वे प्रत्यक्ष ते भूमिपाला यथैव,ऋषि-मुनि त्यागको ही श्रेष्ठ बताते हैं। उसमें भी युद्धमें राजालोग जो अपने शरीरका त्याग करते हैं, वह सबसे श्रेष्ठ त्याग है। सदा राजधर्ममें संलग्न रहनेवाले समस्त भूमिपालोंने जिस प्रकार युद्धमें प्राणत्याग किया है, वह सब तुम्हारी आँखोंके सामने है

tyāgaṃ śreṣṭha munayo vai vadanti sarvaśreṣṭha yaccharīraṃ tyajantaḥ | nityaṃ yuktā rājadharmeṣu sarve pratyakṣa te bhūmipālā yathaiva ||

Indra sprach: „Die Weisen erklären die Entsagung (tyāga) für das Höchste. Und unter allen Formen der Entsagung ist die erhabenste, den eigenen Leib hinzugeben. Alle Könige, die unablässig den Pflichten der Herrschaft ergeben sind, haben — wie du es mit eigenen Augen gesehen hast — im Kampf ihr Leben niedergelegt; dies steht als unmittelbarer Beweis vor dir.“

त्यागम्renunciation, abandonment
त्यागम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्याग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
श्रेष्ठम्best, excellent
श्रेष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मुनयःsages
मुनयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
वदन्तिthey say
वदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
सर्वश्रेष्ठम्the very best
सर्वश्रेष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यत्which, that which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
शरीरम्body
शरीरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
त्यजन्तःabandoning, giving up
त्यजन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
युक्ताःengaged, devoted
युक्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्त
Formक्त (past passive participle used adjectivally), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
राजधर्मेषुin the duties of kingship
राजधर्मेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रत्यक्षाःvisible, before (one's) eyes
प्रत्यक्षाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रत्यक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthose
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भूमिपालाःkings, protectors of the earth
भूमिपालाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूमिपाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
एवindeed, exactly
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव

इन्द्र उवाच

I
Indra
M
munis (sages)
B
bhūmipālas (kings/earth-protectors)

Educational Q&A

Renunciation (tyāga) is praised as the highest ideal, and the greatest form of it is self-sacrifice—especially when undertaken in steadfast adherence to rājadharma (the ethical duties of kingship), such as laying down one’s life in battle for protection of the realm and order.

Indra addresses the listener and points to a visible, historical example: many kings devoted to royal duty have died in battle. Their deaths are presented as direct evidence that bodily self-sacrifice, when aligned with dharma, is regarded as the supreme form of tyāga.