Shloka 4

Kṣātra-Dharma, Daṇḍanīti, and Social Order

Indra–Māndhātṛ Dialogue

Devanagari script

अपरे वचनै: पुण्यैर्वादिनो लोकनिश्चयम्‌ । अनिश्चयज्ञा धर्माणामदृष्टन्ते परे हता:

Translation

Bhīṣma sprach: „Andere wiederum sind Redner, die das Wesen der Dharma nicht kennen: Mit schönen, scheinbar stichhaltigen Worten zerstören sie die Gewissheit der Menschen. Und die Hörer, da sie kein offenkundiges Beispiel finden, geraten im Jenseits in Verirrung und Verderben.“

Word by Word

• अपरे: others
• अपरे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वचनैः: by words/speeches
• वचनैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचन
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• पुण्यैः: pious/fair (seeming) / good
• पुण्यैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुण्य
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• वादिनः: debaters/speakers
• वादिनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वादिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• लोकनिश्चयम्: people's conviction/settled belief
• लोकनिश्चयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोकनिश्चय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अनिश्चयज्ञाः: not knowing/uncertain about (true) ascertainment
• अनिश्चयज्ञाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनिश्चयज्ञ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• धर्माणाम्: of dharmas / of duties / of righteousness
• धर्माणाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• अदृष्टान्ते: when/where there is no example (seen illustration)
• अदृष्टान्ते: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अदृष्टान्त
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• परे: in the other world / hereafter
• परे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• हताः: ruined/destroyed
• हताः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच