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Shloka 5

Āśrama-dharma: Duties of the Four Life-Stages (आश्रमधर्मः)

केषु विश्वसितव्यं स्याद्‌ राज्ञा कस्याज्चिदापदि । कुतो वा5>त्मा दृढं रक्ष्यस्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह,“पितामह! किसी आपत्तिके आनेपर राजाको किन लोगोंपर विश्वास करना चाहिये और किन लोगोंसे अपने शरीरकी दृढ़तापूर्वक रक्षा करनी चाहिये? यह मुझे बताइये'

keṣu viśvasitavyaṃ syād rājñā kasyāś cid āpadi | kuto vātmā dṛḍhaṃ rakṣyas tan me brūhi pitāmaha ||

Vaiśampāyana sprach: „Großvater, wenn ein Unheil einen König trifft, wem soll er sein Vertrauen schenken? Und vor wem soll er seine eigene Person am entschiedensten schützen? Sage mir dies.“

केषुin/among whom
केषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकिम्
FormAll, Locative, Plural
विश्वसितव्यम्should be trusted
विश्वसितव्यम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootविश्वस् (धातु)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, Gerundive (तव्यत्), impersonal obligation
स्यात्would/should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
कस्यof whom/whose
कस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootकिम्
FormAll, Genitive, Singular
चित्ever/at all (enclitic particle)
चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचित् (निपात)
आपदिin calamity/distress
आपदि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआपद्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
कुतःfrom where; how/whence
कुतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकुतः (अव्यय)
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
आत्माself; body/person
आत्मा:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दृढम्firmly; securely
दृढम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदृढ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रक्ष्यःis to be protected/should be guarded
रक्ष्यः:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष् (धातु)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Gerundive (यत्), obligation
तत्that (matter)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAll, Dative, Singular
ब्रूहिtell (you)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु)
FormImperative (लोट्), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
P
Pitāmaha (Bhīṣma)
R
rājā (the king)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a key rājadharma problem: in times of danger, a ruler must discern reliable allies and identify potential threats, balancing trust with prudent self-protection.

Vaiśampāyana introduces a question addressed to Pitāmaha (Bhīṣma), asking for guidance on whom a king should trust during calamity and from whom he should guard his own person.