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Shloka 78

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

दण्डेन नीयते चेदं दण्डं नयति वा पुनः । दण्डनीतिरिति ख्याता त्रीललॉकानभिवर्तते,“इस शास्त्रके अनुसार दण्डके द्वारा जगत्‌का सन्मार्गपर स्थापन किया जाता है अथवा राजा इसके अनुसार प्रजावर्गमें दण्डकी स्थापना करता है; इसलिये यह विद्या दण्डनीतिके नामसे विख्यात है। इसका तीनों लोकोंमें विस्तार होगा

daṇḍena nīyate cedaṃ daṇḍaṃ nayati vā punaḥ | daṇḍanītir iti khyātā trīl lokān abhivartate ||

Bhīṣma sprach: „Durch Strafe (daṇḍa) wird diese Welt gelenkt und auf dem rechten Pfad bewahrt; oder auch: Der König richtet, diesem Lehrsatz folgend, die Strafe unter den Menschen ein. Darum ist diese Disziplin als ‘Daṇḍanīti’ (die Wissenschaft der Herrschaft durch gerechte Strafe) berühmt. Ihr Wirkungsbereich erstreckt sich über alle drei Welten.“

दण्डेनby punishment/rod (authority)
दण्डेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
नीयतेis led/regulated
नीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootनी (नयति)
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इदम्this (world/order)
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दण्डम्punishment/rod
दण्डम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नयतिleads/applies
नयति:
TypeVerb
Rootनी (नयति)
FormPresent, Active, Third, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
पुनःagain/further
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
दण्डनीतिःpolicy/science of punishment (statecraft)
दण्डनीतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्डनीति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus/so (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
ख्याताknown/called
ख्याता:
TypeAdjective
Rootख्या (ख्यात)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
त्रीलोकान्the three worlds
त्रीलोकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अभिवर्ततेpervades/extends over
अभिवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (वर्तते) with अभि-
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
daṇḍa
D
daṇḍanīti
T
three worlds (triloka)

Educational Q&A

Social order is maintained when authority applies daṇḍa (punishment/discipline) in accordance with śāstra; this principled administration of punishment is called daṇḍanīti, a foundational element of rājadharma.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma explains to Yudhiṣṭhira why the science of governance is termed daṇḍanīti: it guides the world by enforcing discipline and enables the king to establish lawful restraint among subjects.