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Shloka 45

राजधर्मप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into Rājadharma (Śānti-parva 56)

यथा हि गर्भिणी हित्वा स्वं प्रियं मनसो5नुगम्‌ । गर्भस्य हितमाधत्ते तथा राज्ञाप्पसंशयम्‌,जैसे गर्भवती स्त्री अपने मनको अच्छे लगने-वाले प्रिय भोजन आदिका भी परित्याग करके केवल गर्भस्थ बालकके हितका ध्यान रखती है, उसी प्रकार धर्मात्मा राजाको भी चाहिये कि नि:संदेह वैसा ही बर्ताव करे। कुरुश्रेष्ठ) राजा अपनेको प्रिय लगनेवाले विषयका परित्याग करके जिसमें सब लोगोंका हित हो वही कार्य करे

yathā hi garbhiṇī hitvā svaṃ priyaṃ manaso'nugam | garbhasya hitam ādhattē tathā rājñā'pi saṃśayam ||

Bhishma sprach: „Wie eine schwangere Frau selbst Speisen und Freuden, die ihr lieb sind, beiseitelegt und sich dem zuwendet, was dem Kind in ihrem Schoß nützt, so soll auch der König — ohne Zögern — das ihm persönlich Angenehme zurückstellen und allein zum Wohle aller handeln.“

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
गर्भिणीa pregnant woman
गर्भिणी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगर्भिणी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
हित्वाhaving abandoned
हित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootहा (जहाति)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), prior action
स्वम्one's own
स्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रियम्dear/pleasing (thing)
प्रियम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मनसःof the mind
मनसः:
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
अनुगम्following (it), agreeable
अनुगम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गर्भस्यof the fetus/embryo
गर्भस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootगर्भ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
हितम्welfare/benefit
हितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आधत्तेundertakes/attends to
आधत्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootधा (दधाति)
FormLat (Present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular
तथाso/in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
असंशयम्without doubt
असंशयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअसंशय

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king
P
pregnant woman
C
child in the womb (garbha)

Educational Q&A

A righteous king must practice self-restraint: he should renounce personal likes and pleasures when they conflict with the common good, and govern with unwavering focus on the welfare of the people.

In Shanti Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on rajadharma (the duties of kings). Here he uses a domestic, vivid analogy—pregnancy and maternal care—to emphasize that a ruler must prioritize the dependent (subjects) over his own preferences.