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Shloka 2

Śuka’s Guṇa-Transcendence and Vyāsa’s Consolation (शुकगति-वर्णनम्)

संन्यस्यते यथा55त्मायं व्यक्तस्यात्मा यथा च यत्‌ । परं मोक्षस्य यच्चापि तनमे ब्रूहि पितामह,पितामह! यह मनुष्यशरीर जिस प्रकार स्थूल शरीरका त्याग करता है और जिस प्रकार स्थूल शरीरका आत्मा सूक्ष्म शरीरका त्याग करता है अर्थात्‌ स्थूल और सूक्ष्म--इन दोनों शरीरोंके अभिमानसे जिस प्रकार रहित हो सकता है एवं उनके त्यागका जो स्वरूप है और जो मोक्षका तत्त्व है, वह मुझे बताइये

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | saṁnyasyate yathātmāyaṁ vyaktasyātmā yathā ca yat | paraṁ mokṣasya yaccāpi tan me brūhi pitāmaha ||

Yudhiṣṭhira sprach: „Großvater, sage mir, wie dieses Selbst seine Identifikationen ablegt—wie das verkörperte Selbst den offenbaren (grobstofflichen) Leib verlässt und auf welche Weise es auch das feine ‘Ich’-Gefühl, das an die Verkörperung gebunden ist, aufgibt. Erkläre mir das wahre Wesen einer solchen Entsagung und auch das höchste Prinzip der Befreiung (mokṣa).“

संन्यस्यतेis renounced/laid aside
संन्यस्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-नि-√अस् (न्यासे) / √अस् (प्रक्षेपणे) (प्रचलित: संन्यस्-)
FormLat, Atmanepada, 3, Singular, Kartari
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
आत्माself/soul
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्यक्तस्यof the manifest
व्यक्तस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यक्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
आत्माself/soul
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यत्what/that which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
परम्supreme/highest
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
मोक्षस्यof liberation
मोक्षस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootमोक्ष
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
यत्what/that which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेto me/for me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative/Genitive, Singular
ब्रूहिtell (you)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Root√ब्रू (वचने)
FormLot (Imperative), Parasmaipada, 2, Singular, Kartari
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
Pitāmaha (Bhīṣma)
Ā
ātman (self)
V
vyakta-śarīra (manifest/gross body)
M
mokṣa (liberation)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames liberation as a matter of renunciation of identification: understanding how the self disengages from the manifest (gross) body and also from subtler layers of embodied ‘I’-sense, and seeking the supreme principle (tattva) of mokṣa beyond both.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on peace and dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira respectfully questions Pitāmaha Bhīṣma, asking for a precise explanation of how renunciation operates at death and in spiritual practice, and what constitutes true liberation.