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Shloka 23

Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)

सक्तमात्मानमीशे च देवे नारायणो तथा । देवं मोक्षे च संसक्त मोक्ष सक्ते तु न क्वचित्‌,बुद्धिका आश्रय तमोगुण, तमोगुणका आश्रय रजोगुण और रजोगुणका आश्रय सत्त्गगुण है। सत्त्वगगुण जीवात्माके आश्रित है। जीवात्माको भगवान्‌ नारायण-देवके आश्रित समझो। भगवान्‌ नारायणका आश्रय है मोक्ष (परब्रह्म), परंतु मोक्षका कोई भी आश्रय नहीं है (वह अपनी ही महिमामें प्रतिष्ठित है)

saktam ātmānam īśe ca deve nārāyaṇo tathā | devaṁ mokṣe ca saṁsaktaṁ mokṣa-sakte tu na kvacit ||

Bhishma sprach: „Das individuelle Selbst hängt vom Herrn ab; und der Herr hängt wiederum von Nārāyaṇa ab. Nārāyaṇa seinerseits gilt als verbunden mit Mokṣa — der höchsten Erlösung. Doch Mokṣa hängt von nichts ab: sie ist in ihrer eigenen Natur gegründet.“ So zeichnet die Lehre eine Hierarchie der Stützung vom verkörperten Selbst bis zum Unbedingten und zeigt: Befreiung ist der letzte, in sich genügende Grund.

सक्तम्attached, clinging
सक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसक्त (√सञ्ज्/सज् + क्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आत्मानम्the self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ईशेrules, governs
ईशे:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootईश्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada, Indicative
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
देवेin/with regard to the god
देवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
नारायणःNārāyaṇa
नारायणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनारायण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
देवम्the god
देवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मोक्षेin/with regard to liberation
मोक्षे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमोक्ष
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संसक्तःattached, connected
संसक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंसक्त (सम् + √सञ्ज्/सज् + क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मोक्षसक्तेin one attached to mokṣa / in mokṣa-attached (state)
मोक्षसक्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमोक्षसक्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तुbut, however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्वचित्anywhere, ever
क्वचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्वचित्

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ā
Ātman (jīvātman)
Ī
Īśa (Lord)
D
Deva
N
Nārāyaṇa
M
Mokṣa

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a chain of dependence: the individual self relies on the Lord; the Lord is identified with/grounded in Nārāyaṇa; Nārāyaṇa is connected with Mokṣa (the supreme release). Mokṣa alone is independent—self-established—indicating liberation as the ultimate, unconditioned reality.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and the highest good. Here he shifts to a metaphysical explanation, describing how all conditioned beings and divine forms ultimately point toward Mokṣa as the final, self-sufficient principle.