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Shloka 39

अव्यक्तकालमान-निर्णयः

Measures of Time from the Unmanifest; Creation, Elements, and the Primacy of Mind

साध्या ऊचु. केनायमावृतो लोक: केन वा न प्रकाशते । केन त्यजति मित्राणि केन स्वर्ग न गच्छति,साध्योंने पूछा--हंस! इस जगत्‌को किसने आवृत कर रक्‍्खा है? किस कारणसे उसका स्वरूप प्रकाशित नहीं होता है? मनुष्य किस हेतुसे मित्रोंका त्याग करता है? और किस दोषसे वह स्वर्गमें नहीं जाने पाता?

sādhyā ūcuḥ | kenāyam āvṛto lokaḥ? kena vā na prakāśate? kena tyajati mitrāṇi? kena svargaṃ na gacchati? |

Die Sādhyas fragten: „O Haṃsa, wodurch ist diese Welt verhüllt? Aus welchem Grund leuchtet ihr wahres Wesen nicht auf? Weshalb verlässt der Mensch seine Freunde? Und durch welchen Fehltritt gelangt er nicht in den Himmel?“

साध्याःthe Sādhyas
साध्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाध्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ऊचुःsaid/spoke
ऊचुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Plural
केनby what?/by whom?
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आवृतःcovered/veiled
आवृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-वृ (आवृत)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
लोकःworld
लोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
केनby what?/by whom?
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाor/indeed
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रकाशतेshines/is manifested
प्रकाशते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-काश्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Ātmanepada
केनby what?/by whom?
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
त्यजतिabandons/gives up
त्यजति:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
मित्राणिfriends
मित्राणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
केनby what?/by whom?
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
स्वर्गम्heaven
स्वर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गच्छतिgoes/attains
गच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

हंस उवाच

S
Sādhyas
H
Haṃsa

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moral inquiry: the same inner forces that obscure reality also damage relationships and block higher attainments. It sets up a teaching that ignorance and ethical faults (such as delusion, attachment, greed, anger, or deceit—depending on the ensuing reply) veil the world, disrupt friendship, and prevent the fruits of merit like Svarga.

In Śānti Parva’s didactic setting, the celestial Sādhyas question Haṃsa (the ‘swan’ sage figure) with four linked questions about the causes of delusion, lack of clarity, betrayal of friends, and failure to attain heaven—inviting a concise ethical-philosophical answer.