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Shloka 1

Adhyāya 287 — Janaka’s Inquiry on Śreyas, Abhayadāna, and Asaṅga

Non-attachment

ऑपन-मा_ज (_) डे सप्ताशीरत्याधिकद्विशततमो< ध्याय: नारदजीका गालव मुनिको श्रेयका उपदेश युधिछिर उवाच अतत्त्वज्ञस्य शास्त्राणां सततं संशयात्मन: | अकृतव्यवसायस्य श्रेयो ब्रूहि पितामह,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--पितामह! जो शास्त्रोंके तत््वको नहीं जानता, जिसका मन सदा संशयमें ही पड़ा रहता है तथा जिसने परमार्थके लिये कोई निश्चित ध्येय नहीं बनाया है, उस पुरुषका कल्याण कैसे हो सकता है? यह मुझे बताइये

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | atattvajñasya śāstrāṇāṃ satataṃ saṃśayātmanaḥ | akṛtavyavasāyasya śreyo brūhi pitāmaha ||

Yudhiṣṭhira sprach: „O Großvater, sage mir, welches wahre Heil (śreyas) einem Menschen zuteilwerden kann, der den eigentlichen Sinn der Schriften nicht versteht, dessen Geist fortwährend von Zweifel bedrängt wird und der weder einen festen Entschluss noch ein diszipliniertes Streben gefasst hat. Wie kann ein solcher Mensch Wohlergehen erlangen?“

अतत्त्वज्ञस्यof one who does not know the truth/essence
अतत्त्वज्ञस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootअतत्त्वज्ञ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
शास्त्राणाम्of the scriptures/treatises
शास्त्राणाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
सततम्always/constantly
सततम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
संशयात्मनःof one whose nature is doubt
संशयात्मनः:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootसंशयात्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अकृतव्यवसायस्यof one who has not undertaken/formed resolve (no determined effort)
अकृतव्यवसायस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootअकृतव्यवसाय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
श्रेयःthe good; welfare; highest good
श्रेयः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ब्रूहिtell (you)
ब्रूहि:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (ब्रवीति)
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
पितामहO grandsire (Bhishma)
पितामह:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
Ś
śāstra (scriptures)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a prerequisite for śreyas (true welfare): mere exposure to śāstra is insufficient without grasping its essence (tattva), overcoming chronic doubt through discernment, and adopting firm resolve (vyavasāya) in practice. It sets up Bhīṣma’s instruction on how clarity, conviction, and disciplined effort enable ethical and spiritual progress.

In Śānti Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira, seeking guidance after the war, questions Bhīṣma (lying on the bed of arrows) about dharma and the path to the highest good. Here he asks specifically how a person who lacks true understanding of scripture, remains perpetually doubtful, and has no settled commitment can attain welfare—inviting Bhīṣma’s counsel.