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Shloka 5

Yudhiṣṭhira’s Remorse and Vyāsa’s Teaching on Impermanence (Śoka-nivāraṇa)

यदा होन॑ विघूर्णन्तमपश्यं पार्थसायकै: । कम्पमानं यथा वचजे: प्रेक्ष्ष्माणं शिखण्डिना,जब मैंने देखा कि अर्जुनके वज्रोपम बाणोंसे आहत हो बूढ़े सिंहके समान मेरे उन्नतकाय पुरुषसिंह पितामह कम्पित हो रहे हैं और उन्हें चक्‍कर-सा आने लगा है, शिखण्डी उनकी ओर देख रहा है और उनका सारा शरीर बाणोंसे खचाखच भर गया है तो यह सब देखकर मेरे मनमें बड़ी व्यथा हुई

yadā ha enaṁ vighūrṇantam apaśyaṁ pārthasāyakaiḥ | kampamānaṁ yathā vṛddhasiṁhaḥ prekṣamāṇaṁ śikhaṇḍinā ||

Yudhiṣṭhira sprach: „Als ich sah, wie er taumelte—von Arjunas Pfeilen getroffen—zitternd wie ein gealterter Löwe, während Śikhaṇḍin ihm gegenüberstand und sein ganzer Leib dicht mit Schäften gespickt war, da stieg beim Anblick dieser Szene tiefer Schmerz in meinem Herzen auf.“

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
indeed/just (emphatic particle)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एनम्him
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विघूर्णन्तम्reeling/whirling about
विघूर्णन्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-घूर्ण्
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Accusative, Singular
अपश्यम्I saw
अपश्यम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormImperfect, 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
पार्थof Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थ:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
सायकैःwith arrows
सायकैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसायक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
कम्पमानम्trembling
कम्पमानम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकम्प्
FormPresent middle participle, Masculine, Accusative, Singular
यथाas/like
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
वज्रैःwith thunderbolts
वज्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवज्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
प्रेक्षमाणम्looking on/being looked at (context: looking)
प्रेक्षमाणम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-ईक्ष्
FormPresent middle participle, Masculine, Accusative, Singular
शिखण्डिनाby Shikhandin
शिखण्डिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशिखण्डिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
A
Arjuna (Pārtha)
B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha, implied by context)
Ś
Śikhaṇḍin
A
arrows (sāyaka/śara)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical weight of righteous war: even when action aligns with duty, witnessing the suffering of elders and heroes can produce profound remorse. Dharma in conflict is not emotionally neutral; moral responsibility includes acknowledging grief and the human cost of victory.

Yudhiṣṭhira describes seeing Bhīṣma stagger and tremble after being struck by Arjuna’s arrows, with Śikhaṇḍin positioned before him. Bhīṣma’s body is densely pierced with shafts, and the sight fills Yudhiṣṭhira with intense anguish.