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Shloka 29

पापात्म-धर्मात्म-लक्षणम् तथा निर्वेदेन मोक्षमार्गः | Marks of the Sinful and the Righteous; Dispassion (Nirveda) as a Path to Liberation

समर्थ वासमर्थ वा कृशं वाप्यकृशं तथा । रक्षत्येव सुतं माता नान्य: पोष्टा विधानत:,"पुत्र असमर्थ हो या समर्थ, दुर्बल हो या हृष्ट-पुष्ट, माता उसका पालन करती ही है। माताके सिवा दूसरा कोई विधिपूर्वक पुत्रका पालन-पोषण नहीं कर सकता

samarthaṁ vā asamarthaṁ vā kṛśaṁ vā api akṛśaṁ tathā | rakṣaty eva sutaṁ mātā nānyaḥ poṣṭā vidhānataḥ ||

Bhīṣma sprach: Ob ein Sohn tüchtig ist oder untüchtig, ob er schwach ist oder wohlgenährt und kräftig—die Mutter ist es, die ihn gewiss behütet und erhält. Außer der Mutter kann niemand in rechter und rechtmäßiger Weise der wahre Nährer eines Sohnes sein.

समर्थम्capable
समर्थम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
असमर्थम्incapable
असमर्थम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअसमर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
कृशम्thin, weak
कृशम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अकृशम्not thin; stout, well-nourished
अकृशम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअकृश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise, in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
रक्षतिprotects
रक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
एवindeed, certainly
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सुतम्son, child
सुतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
माताmother
माता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यःanother (person)
अन्यः:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पोष्टाnourisher, maintainer
पोष्टा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपोष्टृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विधानतःaccording to rule/properly
विधानतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविधानतस्

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
mother (mātā)
S
son/child (suta)

Educational Q&A

The verse elevates maternal duty as uniquely unconditional and dharmic: regardless of a child’s strength or weakness, the mother remains the primary protector and rightful nurturer, embodying steadfast care that others cannot fully replicate “according to proper order” (vidhānataḥ).

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and right conduct, Bhīṣma is teaching Yudhiṣṭhira through ethical reflections. Here he underscores the mother’s singular role in protection and upbringing, using contrasting conditions (capable/incapable, frail/robust) to stress the universality of her care.