Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 47

कपिल–स्यूमरश्मि संवादः

Kapila and Syūmaraśmi on Renunciation, Householder Support, and Epistemic Authority

अधघ्न्या इति गवां नाम क एता हन्तुम्ति । महच्चकाराकुशल वृष॑ं गां वाउडलभेत्‌ तु यः,श्रुतिमें गौओंको अघ्न्या (अवध्य) कहा गया है, फिर कौन उन्हें मारनेका विचार करेगा? जो पुरुष गाय और बैलोंको मारता है, वह महान्‌ पाप करता है

adhaghnye iti gavāṁ nāma; ka etā hantuṁ hi? mahac ca karoty akuśalaṁ yo vṛṣaṁ gāṁ vā uḍḍalabheta tu yaḥ.

„Die Veden nennen die Kühe ‘adhaghnī’ — die Unerschlagbaren, die nicht getötet werden dürfen. Wer würde, der dies weiß, auch nur daran denken, sie zu töten? Wer eine Kuh oder einen Stier erschlägt, begeht schweres Unrecht und lädt große Sünde auf sich.“

अघ्न्या‘Aghnyā’ (the inviolable cow)
अघ्न्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअघ्न्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
नामby name / as the designation
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एताःthese (f.)
एताः:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
हन्तुम्to kill
हन्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormTumun (infinitive), Parasmaipada (usage)
इच्छतिdesires / intends
इच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
महद्great (thing)
महद्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कारयतिcauses / commits (does)
कारयति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, Lat, true
अकुशलःsinful / unskilled (in dharma)
अकुशलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअकुशल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वृषम्bull
वृषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गाम्cow
गाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
उपलभेत्would obtain / would get
उपलभेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-लभ्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada, Vidhi-lin
तुbut / indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

तुलाधार उवाच

T
Tulādhāra
C
cows (go)
B
bulls (vṛṣa)
Ś
śruti (Vedic revelation)

Educational Q&A

Śruti designates the cow as ‘adhaghnī’ (not to be slain); therefore harming or killing cows and bulls is presented as a serious adharma that generates great pāpa. The verse grounds ethical restraint in scriptural authority and compassion.

In the Śānti Parva’s dialogue, Tulādhāra instructs on righteous conduct. Here he argues that since the Vedic tradition treats cows as inviolable, a dharmic person should not contemplate their killing, and he condemns such violence as a grave moral fault.