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Shloka 13

कपिलगोसंवादे गृहस्थ-त्यागधर्मयोः प्रमाण्यविचारः

Kapila–Cow Dialogue: Authority of Householder and Renunciant Dharmas

भीष्म उवाच अतीव तपसा युक्तो घोरेण स बभूव ह । तथोपस्पर्शनरत:ः सायं प्रातर्महातपा:

bhīṣma uvāca | atīva tapasā yukto ghoreṇa sa babhūva ha | tathopasparśana-rataḥ sāyaṃ prātar mahā-tapāḥ |

Bhishma sprach: Mit überaus furchtbarer Askese begabt, wurde er wahrlich zu einem gewaltigen Asketen. Jener große Übende war der rituellen Reinigung hingegeben—er badete und verrichtete mit strenger Regelmäßigkeit die Abend- und Morgenobservanzen—ein Bild standhafter Selbstbeherrschung und treuer Erfüllung der Pflichten der Waldlebensstufe (vānaprastha).

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अतीवexceedingly
अतीव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतीव
तपसाby austerity
तपसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
युक्तःendowed/engaged
युक्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
घोरेणwith terrible (austerity)
घोरेण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootघोर
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बभूवbecame/was
बभूव:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
indeed (emphatic particle)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
उपस्पर्शनरतःdevoted to bathing/ablutions
उपस्पर्शनरतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउपस्पर्शन-रत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सायम्in the evening
सायम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसायम्
प्रातर्in the morning
प्रातर्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रातर्
महातपाःthe great ascetic (one of great austerity)
महातपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहातपस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
J
Jājali (implied by the surrounding passage)
T
tapas (austerity)
U
upasparśana (ritual bathing/ablution)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights dharma expressed as disciplined daily practice: severe tapas combined with regular purificatory observances (morning and evening). Ethical strength is shown not by display but by steady adherence to prescribed duties and self-restraint.

Bhishma begins describing an exemplary ascetic (Jājali in the immediate context), emphasizing how intensely he practiced austerity and how consistently he performed daily purificatory rites at dawn and dusk.