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Shloka 15

Adhyāya 241: Guṇa-sṛṣṭi, Kṣetrajña-sākṣitva, and Śama through Ātma-jñāna (गुणसृष्टिः, क्षेत्रज्ञसाक्षित्वं, शमः)

विद्यामयो<न्य: पुरुषस्तात कर्ममयो5पर: । विद्धि चन्द्रमसं दर्शे सूक्ष्म्पा कलया स्थितम्‌

vidyāmayo 'nyaḥ puruṣas tāta karmamayo 'paraḥ | viddhi candramasaṁ darśe sūkṣmāṁ kalayā sthitam ||

Bhishma sprach: „Mein Kind, der Mensch, der aus Erkenntnis geformt ist, ist von einer Art; der Mensch, der aus Handeln geformt ist—an Tat und Frucht gebunden—von einer anderen. Verstehe dies am Beispiel des Mondes: In der Neumondnacht bleibt er nur als feiner Hauch, als schmalste Sichel. So ist auch der Zustand der an das Handeln Gebundenen: Sie sind gezwungen, im Kreislauf von Abnahme und Zunahme (Verlust und Gewinn) zu kreisen, statt in der Festigkeit zu ruhen, die aus wahrer Erkenntnis erwächst.“

विद्यामयःconsisting of knowledge, knowledge-formed
विद्यामयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविद्या-मय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्यःanother, different
अन्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःperson, man
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तातdear one, son (vocative address)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कर्ममयःconsisting of action, action-formed
कर्ममयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्म-मय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपरःthe other, different (second one)
अपरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विद्धिknow, understand
विद्धि:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
चन्द्रमसम्the moon
चन्द्रमसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचन्द्रमस्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दर्शेat the new-moon day (amavasya)
दर्शे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदर्श
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सूक्ष्माम्subtle, minute
सूक्ष्माम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसूक्ष्म
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
कलयाby/with a digit (a small portion)
कलया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकला
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
स्थितम्standing, remaining, situated
स्थितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
C
candramaḥ (the Moon)
D
darśa/amāvāsyā (new-moon night)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma distinguishes two orientations of human life: one grounded in knowledge (vidyā), which tends toward inner steadiness and clarity, and another dominated by action with attachment to results (karma), which keeps a person moving through alternating states of increase and decrease—gain and loss, rise and fall.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma addresses the listener (Yudhishthira) and uses a natural image—the moon reduced to a barely perceptible portion on the new-moon night—to illustrate how the action-bound person remains caught in fluctuating conditions, unlike the knowledge-formed person.